Efficiency and Effectiveness of Gamma Rays and Sodium Azide in <i>Sesbania cannabina</i> Poir.

Abstract

Summary Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency is an important factor for the selection of a mutagen for a mutation breeding program. Mutagenic effectiveness is a measure of the frequency of mutations induced by a unit mutagen dose, while mutagenic efficiency is a measure of the proportion of mutations in relation to undesirable changes such as lethality, sterility, meiotic aberrations etc. The present study envisages the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of individual and combined treatments of chemical and physical mutagens i.e. sodium azide (individual), gamma rays (individual) and sodium azide+gamma ray (combined). For the individual treatment of sodium azide, the seeds of the Sesbania cannabina variety nD-1 were treated with 0.5% solution of sodium azide (Sa) for four different time durations, i.e. 3, 5, 7, and 9 h, and for the individual treatment of gamma rays, dry and healthy seeds were treated with 20, 40, 60, and 80 Kr doses of gamma rays. For the combined treatment, the seeds were exposed to four different doses of gamma rays (20, 40, 60, and 80 Kr) and after irradiation seeds were treated with 0.5% solution of sodium azide for 3 h. after treatment, seeds subjected to individual and combined treatment were sown in randomized block design to raise the M 1 generation and a study was conducted on germination percentage, survival percentage, pollen fertility percentage, and chromosomal aberrations at different doses of the individual and combined treatments.

Study on Radio Sensitivity of Gamma Rays on Different Genotypes of Sesame (Sesamum indicum)

“…In Rama there was significant reduction in pollen fertility with the increase in dose of gamma irradiation up to 350 Gy. Similar trend was observed by Kumar and Srivastava (2013) and Kumari and Chaudhary (2016). The effect of doses on pollen fertility (%) in Tillotoma was not significant.…”

“…Emrani et al, (2011) observed significant effect of mutagen doses on seed germination. Anabarasan et al, (2013Anabarasan et al, ( , 2015, Kumar and Srivastava (2013) and Kumari and Chaudhary (2016) while studying the effects of gamma rays on different varieties of sesame also found the gradual decrease in germination percentage with the increase in doses. Reduced germination might be due to higher physiological damage in seeds resulting from inhibition of auxin synthesis (Gordon, 1955), and catalase peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase (Kleinhots et al, 1974).…”

Assessment of Gamma Rays Induced Cytotoxicity in Common Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

“…Precocious movement of chromosomes may be due to spindle dysfunction (Gulfishan et al 2010, Kumar andSrivastava 2013). Srivastava and Kapoor (2008) reported that precocious chromosome migration to the poles may be due to the formation of univalent chromosomes at the end of prophase I or due to precocious chiasma terminalization at diakinesis or metaphase.…”

Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) Induced Translocation and Inversion Heterozygote in <i>Allium cepa</i> L.

“…Since spontaneous mutations occur at very low frequency, induced mutations facilitate the development of improved varieties at a swifter rate (Maluszynski 1990). Several researchers have attempted to induce mutation to generate genetic variability in various plants such as in Allium cepa by Kaul (1977); in Allium roylei (Sharma and Gohil 2003); in Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens (Daudu and Falusi 2011); in Chrysanthemum (Datta et al 2009); in Cicer arietinum (Wani 2009); in Cichorium intybus (Khan et al 2009); in Helianthus annuus (Encheva 2009); in Linum usitatissimum (Akhtar et al 2012); in Lathyrus (Kamble and Patil 2014); in Mulberry (Ramesh et al 2014); in Phlox drummondii Raina 1982, Verma andSharma 2000); in Pisum sativum (Verma and Goyal 2012); in Trigonella foenum-graecum (Choudhary et al 2012); in Sesbania cannabina (Kumar and Srivastava 2013); in Vicia faba (Sjodin 1971a, b, Verma and Rao 1994, Verma et al 2004. Present work was based on the induced mutation for the genetic improvement in Allium cepa.…”

“…In the present study, no case of ring/ open ring configurations was observed. However, due to greater flexibility of chain quadrivalent, they orient in alternate more frequently than ring quadrivalents (Lewis andJohn 1963, Joshi 2004). In the present study, 68% of the PMCs studied showed chain configuration of quadrivalents suggesting the alternate type of orientation while the remaining 32% PMCs were observed normal.…”