Efficiency, equality, positionality: What do people maximize? Experimental vs. hypothetical evidence from Tunisia

Harbi, Sana El; Bekir, Insaf; Grolleau, Gilles; Sutan, Angela

doi:10.1016/j.joep.2015.01.007

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In particular, even though it does not seem to be the case in intertemporal choice (e.g., Johnson and Bickel, 2002 ), hypothetical (vs. real) payments may admittedly affect behavior. Indeed there are many well-studied examples where this is the case ( Slovic, 1969 ; Holt and Laury, 2002 ; Harrison and Rutström, 2008 ; El Harbi et al, 2015 ; see, however, the review by Camerer and Hogarth, 1999 , the main point of which is that “it depends”). On the other hand, hypothetical reward might potentially be better suited in a face-to-face experiment like ours that involves choices with immediate as well as delayed payments, since keeping both the transaction costs and the level of payment-uncertainty (i.e., whether the payment will actually be made) equivalent across the different choices is a particularly difficult task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-run goals in ultimatum bargaining: impatience predicts spite-based behavior

Espín

Exadaktylos

Herrmann

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The ultimatum game (UG) is widely used to study human bargaining behavior and fairness norms. In this game, two players have to agree on how to split a sum of money. The proposer makes an offer, which the responder can accept or reject. If the responder rejects, neither player gets anything. The prevailing view is that, beyond self-interest, the desire to equalize both players’ payoffs (i.e., fairness) is the crucial motivation in the UG. Based on this view, previous research suggests that fairness is a short-run oriented motive that conflicts with the long-run goal of self-interest. However, competitive spite, which reflects an antisocial (not norm-based) desire to minimize others’ payoffs, can also account for the behavior observed in the UG, and has been linked to short-run, present-oriented aspirations as well. In this paper, we explore the relationship between individuals’ intertemporal preferences and their behavior in a citywide dual-role UG experiment (N = 713). We find that impatience (short-run orientation) predicts the rejection of low, “unfair” offers as responder and the proposal of low, “unfair” offers as proposer, which is consistent with spitefulness but inconsistent with fairness motivations. This behavior systematically reduces the payoffs of those who interact with impatient individuals. Thus, impatient individuals appear to be keen to minimize their partners’ share of the pie, even at the risk of destroying it. These findings indicate that competitively reducing other’s payoffs, rather than fairness (or self-interest), is the short-run goal in ultimatum bargaining.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-run goals in ultimatum bargaining: impatience predicts spite-based behavior

Espín

Exadaktylos

Herrmann

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…However, recent studies found that the amount distributed to others will decrease in high-stake scenarios [31,32], especially in a unilateral game with no risk of loss [33]. Other studies found that in the trade-off between equity and efficiency, the proportion of decision-makers who choose equitable options and self-interest options increased in high-stake contexts, while the proportion of the options that have a large social benefit but reduced self-interest decreased [34]. Therefore, to explore the influence stake size on maxim nudging effect, Study 2 sets different stakes sizes: small (10, same as Study 1), medium (100), and high (1,000).…”

Section: Study Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxims nudge equitable or efficient choices in a Trade-Off Game

Huang

Lei

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The core problem in the distribution dilemma is the trade-off between equity and efficiency. With the development of socioeconomic conditions, the optimal decision changes between equitable and efficient options. The methods for nudging decision-makers to make optimal decisions without changing the event are extremely important. This study used two laboratory behavior experiments to explore the impact of maxim information on the trade-off between equity and efficiency. The study explores whether stake levels and division schemes affect the nudging effect of the maxim in a Trade-Off Game (TOG). We found that participants were affected by maxim information in decision-making scenarios, and participants showed different equity preferences as the maxim information changed, without relevance of the stake level. Additionally, the nudging effect of the maxim only exists under the condition that the distributor's interests is not affected.

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“…Students from various backgrounds were invited to fill a questionnaire with several hypothetical pairs of jobs (Table 1). Despite some criticisms, notably regarding the potential overestimation of socially desirable choices, hypothetical surveys have been proved to provide interesting qualitative insights (Bekir, El Harbi, Grolleau, & Sutan, 2015). Concretely, in each pair, the job is identical on all dimensions (working conditions, tasks, wage, pensions, insurance, vacation policies, etc.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attracting employees in developing countries through corporate social responsibility initiatives

Barbara¹,

Grolleau

Mzoughi

2019

Strategic Change

Self Cite

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Efficiency, equality, positionality: What do people maximize? Experimental vs. hypothetical evidence from Tunisia

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Short- and long-run goals in ultimatum bargaining: impatience predicts spite-based behavior

Short- and long-run goals in ultimatum bargaining: impatience predicts spite-based behavior

Maxims nudge equitable or efficient choices in a Trade-Off Game

Attracting employees in developing countries through corporate social responsibility initiatives

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