The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in December has seen more than 76,000 cases in China, causing more than 3,000 medical staff infections. As the disease is highly contagious, can be fatal in severe cases, and there are no specific medicines, it poses a huge threat to the life and health of nurses, leading to a severe impact on their emotional responses and coping strategies. Therefore, this study will investigate nurses' emotional responses and coping styles, and conduct a comparative study with nursing college students. This study was conducted through the online survey 'questionnaire star' from February 1 st to February 20 th , 2020 in Anhui Province, using the snowball sampling method to invite subjects. The results found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men. Participants from cities exhibited these symptoms more than participants from rural areas, however rural participants experienced more sadness than urban participants. The nearer a COVID-19 zone is to the participants, the stronger the anxiety and anger. The COVID-19 outbreak has placed immense pressure on hospitals and those nurses at the frontline are more seriously affected. Hospitals should focus on providing psychological support to nurses and training in coping strategies.

Due to the high infectivity and long incubation period of new coronary pneumonia virus (Li et al. 2020; Rothe et al. 2020), COVID-19 has evolved into a global pandemic, and more cases and isolation measures appear in the news. Since China first reported COVID-19 in December 2019, as of May 11, 2020, a total of 234 countries and regions have reported 234,073 confirmed cases and 9840 deaths. Although various measures have been taken globally to combat new coronary pneumonia for more than 5 months, the number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide is still increasing dramatically. COVID-19 poses a huge challenge to public health worldwide (Pan et al. 2020) and has caused serious and widespread negative effects on human beings (Lin 2020; Ahorsu et al. 2020). The uncertainty and low predictability of COVID-19 not only threaten people's physical health, but also affect people's mental health, especially emotional, stress, and sleep problems (Rothe et al. 2020) COVID-19 is mainly spread through droplets, aerosols, etc. Therefore, the closer you are to the diagnosed patient, the more likely people are to be infected. People are required to stop work, suspend school, stop production, and restrict travel, so as to reduce the chance of exposure to COVID-19 patients. However, this isolation will also have a negative impact on people's mental health. But relative to COVID-19's direct physical and mental harm, isolation is still a good choice. But what about nurses on the frontline? Nurses who test and treat patients with COVID-19 have a

We conducted a 3 × 3 × 2 experiment to verify the moral preference hypothesis and extend the boundary conditions of the moral frame effect. Participants played a trade-off game (TOG), in which they unilaterally choose between an equitable or efficient option. We manipulated the labeling of the options to describe the equitable versus efficient option as morally right, and controlled the amount of the stakes and division schemes in the TOG. We found there was a significant effect of moral frame when stakes were low in the TOG, and participants would choose a morally right option whether it was equitable or efficient. However, the effect of moral frame was nonsignificant when the stakes were high. In addition, the division schemes in the TOG had a great impact on the moral frame effect. Therefore, we found that when participants’ interest in the options remains the same or the changes are small, and other players’ interest changes greatly, the moral frame effect is not significant.

The core problem in the distribution dilemma is the trade-off between equity and efficiency. With the development of socioeconomic conditions, the optimal decision changes between equitable and efficient options. The methods for nudging decision-makers to make optimal decisions without changing the event are extremely important. This study used two laboratory behavior experiments to explore the impact of maxim information on the trade-off between equity and efficiency. The study explores whether stake levels and division schemes affect the nudging effect of the maxim in a Trade-Off Game (TOG). We found that participants were affected by maxim information in decision-making scenarios, and participants showed different equity preferences as the maxim information changed, without relevance of the stake level. Additionally, the nudging effect of the maxim only exists under the condition that the distributor's interests is not affected.