Emotional responses and coping strategies in nurses and nursing students during Covid-19 outbreak: A comparative study

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in December has seen more than 76,000 cases in China, causing more than 3,000 medical staff infections. As the disease is highly contagious, can be fatal in severe cases, and there are no specific medicines, it poses a huge threat to the life and health of nurses, leading to a severe impact on their emotional responses and coping strategies. Therefore, this study will investigate nurses' emotional responses and coping styles, and conduct a comparative study with nursing college students. This study was conducted through the online survey 'questionnaire star' from February 1 st to February 20 th , 2020 in Anhui Province, using the snowball sampling method to invite subjects. The results found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men. Participants from cities exhibited these symptoms more than participants from rural areas, however rural participants experienced more sadness than urban participants. The nearer a COVID-19 zone is to the participants, the stronger the anxiety and anger. The COVID-19 outbreak has placed immense pressure on hospitals and those nurses at the frontline are more seriously affected. Hospitals should focus on providing psychological support to nurses and training in coping strategies.

Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary evidence based on quasi-experimental design

“…Our results further revealed that the changes in anger and fear before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were more prominent among females, which is in line with recent ndings on females reporting high levels of fear and anger than males during the COVID-19 pandemic (Huang et al 2020;van der Vegt and Kleinberg 2020). Females more concerned with disease infection risk than males (Knez et al 2018).…”

“…The public has been exposed to a considerable stressor that is the COVID-19 pandemic (Wang et al 2021). The pandemic has signi cantly reduced positive emotions and increased negative emotions, especially fear and anger (Huang et al 2020;Li et al 2020;Moron and Biolik-Moron 2021;Wang et al 2021). Meanwhile, ASD is associated with an increased risk of pathogen infection or disease related to immune system malfunctions (Masi et al 2015;Saresella et al 2009).…”

“…Gender has also been suggested to play an important role in stress response. Females are more susceptible to experience PTSS than males owing to genetic and biological risk factors (Farhood et al 2018;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020), and tend to show more negative emotions, such as anger and fear after natural disasters (Shavit et al 2013) and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (Huang et al 2020;Isabelle and Kleinberg 2020). The association between ASD/ATs and trauma exposure and PTSS mainly brought by social stressors may be stronger in females thann in males (Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2020;Haruvi-Lamdan et al 2019).…”

Stressors, Job Resources, Fear of Contagion, and Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Nursing Home Workers in Face of the COVID-19: The Case of Spain

“…Early studies in China indicate that health professionals dealing with this pandemic have a high frequency of negative emotions, including sadness, fear of contagion, and anger (Huang et al, 2020), as well as stress, depression, and anxiety (Lu et al, 2020). In addition, this population is at high risk for developing post-traumatic stress (Cai et al, 2020).…”

Typhoon Eye Effect Vs. Ripple Effect: The Role of Family Size on the Mental Health Under the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

“…The survey ndings of China and Brazil documented that people far from the epicenter had worse anxiety and distress [18][19][20]. Though a survey in China on healthcare staff including nurses indicated ripple effect [21]. Few other studies also reported psychological disturbances in several countries but the association with geographical distance was not assessed and hence limited the explanation of both theories [5,22].…”