Efficiency improvement of a novel dual motor powertrain for plug-in hybrid electric buses

Abstract

Powertrain configuration plays an important role in the performance of plug-in hybrid electric buses. Current designs are the compromise between energy efficiency, dynamic ability, shifting smoothness and manufactural cost. To balance the above requirements, this research proposes a novel dual motor powertrain for plug-in hybrid electric buses. The efficiency improvement is compared to the conventional plug-in parallel hybrid electric buses with a single motor powertrain. Parameter designs of system components guarantee two configurations equivalently. To maximize the benefits of the proposed powertrain, this paper introduces an energy management strategy which coordinates enumeration method and dynamic programming to build the optimal maps of powertrain operation. The enumeration method determines the working points of power sources and gear states in all possible modes according to vehicle speed and power. The dynamic programming then selects the most suitable mode with the consideration of gear shifting and mode change in the optimal maps. Simulation results show that the dual motors work in peak efficiency region much more frequently than the single motor in different conditions. Therefore, the total energy cost of dual motor powertrain for entire driving cycles decreases significantly in comparison with the single motor powertrain, 6.5% in the LA92 and 6.7% in the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule.

On the Comparison of 2- and 4-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Layouts with Central Motors and Single- and 2-Speed Transmission Systems

“…The dual motor layout is simplified in Kwon et al [23] and Ruan et al [27], which consider one gear ratio for each electric motor. Nguyen et al [28] extend the four-speed dual motor powertrain concept to a case study plug-in parallel hybrid electric bus, i.e., including an internal combustion engine in the powertrain. De Carlo et al [29] propose a dual motor electric powertrain layout based on an epicyclical gearset, which shows an average~9% energy efficiency increase along an urban driving cycle, with respect to the corresponding single motor solution.…”