Optimal sizing and energy management of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with two motors and multi-gear ratios

Nguyen, Cong Thanh; Walker, Paul; Zhou, Shilei; Zhang, Nong

doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104513

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The electric power drive of center-pivot irrigation systems has two gear reductions. One gear reduction exists in the drive shafts that connect the electric motor to a gear box at each of the two tower wheels (Nguyen et al, 2022). The second gear reduction is the gear box driving each wheel.…”

Section: Drive Units Of Center Pivot Irrigation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Control System for Monitoring the Maintenance of the Center Pivot Irrigation System

Ismail,

Zin El-Abedin,

Shawky

et al. 2024

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering

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The national Egypt strategy for sustainable agricultural development (SADS-2030),focuses on increasing agricultural area by approximately 1.5 million feddan to address the food gap. The central pivot irrigation system is one of the most effective ways to achieve this goal. Maintaining a center pivot device is hard. Moreover, repairing the damage that happens after the malfunction of the device will be timeconsuming and costly. So, the main goal of this study was to monitor, detect early error and warn the operator before starting any irrigation process, which prevents a malfunction or crash of the center pivot. The developed monitoring systems use NTC thermistors and an oil level sensor to monitor oil temperature and leaks in the gear box and motor. Tire pressure monitoring sensor (TPMS) was used to monitor towers' tires pressure. These sensors were installed in a unit known as "Tower/central node board" which consists of two ESP32 microcontrollers installed inside the main control panel. The main control panel of the device collects all the vital readings from all towers and communicates them with the cloud server using the internet, which allows the remote control of the device. Field tests were performed by using a "Valley" center Pivot System at the Egyptian Ismailia governorate's conditions, for detecting the sensitivity and accuracy of the system. Data was collected from two towers of the center pivot system and analyzed in a simple digital model that was used to process and decide on possible maintenance instructions.

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Section: Drive Units Of Center Pivot Irrigation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Control System for Monitoring the Maintenance of the Center Pivot Irrigation System

Ismail,

Zin El-Abedin,

Shawky

et al. 2024

Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering

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“…This was to avoid gear hunting, which not only affected the powertrain efficiency, but was also detrimental to the driving comfort. Next, in [81], the objective was to determine and compare the performance of the configuration against single motor configuration with four-speed AMT. The study started by generating two optimized configurations of two-motors-four-speed-AMT EV powertrain, where the optimization objectives were to obtain minimum operating cost (defined as minimum total power consumption for the aforementioned driving cycle) and high driving performance (defined as the minimum acceleration time for 0-40 km/h).…”

Section: Multi-motor Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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Electric vehicles (EV) are quickly gaining a foothold in global markets due to their zero tailpipe emissions and increasing practicality in terms of battery technologies. However, even though EV powertrains emit zero emissions during driving, their efficiency has not been fully optimized, particularly due the commonly used single-speed transmission. Hence, this paper provides an extensive review on the latest works carried out to optimize the power flow in EV powertrains using multispeed discrete transmission, continuously variable transmission and multi-motor configurations. The relevant literatures were shortlisted using a keyword search related to EV powertrain in the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The review focused on the related literatures published from 2018 onwards. The publications were reviewed in terms of the methodologies applied to optimize the powertrain for efficiency and driving performance. Next, the significant findings from these literatures were discussed and compared. Finally, based on the review, several future key research areas in EV powertrain efficiency and performance are highlighted.

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“…1,2 Thus, new energy vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV), are being developed as an effective solution by manufacturers all over the world. [3][4][5] The transmission system is a core unit of automobile, and it plays a critical role in the driving performance of automobile. 6 And the electric continuously variable transmission (ECVT) as a special transmission system, which can make an motor to run more optimally by changing the speed ratio of the transmission system, is often accepted in new energy vehicles as it enables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved time-varying mesh stiffness calculation method and dynamic characteristic analysis for helical gears under variable torque conditions

Hu,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Based on the slice theory and numerical calculation methods, the time varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) calculation method of the gear pair was constructed for the helical gear pair of a electric continuously variable transmission (ECVT), and the TVMS of the helical gear were calculated under different constant and time-varying torque in this study. The obtained stiffness values were introduced into the established dynamics model of helical gear system, and the influence of changed TVMS, resulting from the variable speed and torque, on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of gear pair was analyzed using the Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the proposed TVMS calculation method is very effective in computing the TVMS of helical gear pair under time-varying condition. The TVMS and dynamic transmission error (DTE) increase as the torque increase, and vice versa. Meanwhile, the system exhibits a diverse range of periodic, sub-harmonic, and chaotic behaviors at high speed and at low speed when torque is low, whereas not appear at steady high torque under low speed range. This study offers a method for gaining the TVMS of helical gear pair to analyze the dynamic characteristics of gear pair under actual working condition, and the influence of torque that change with the speed ratio on the dynamic performance of a gear system should be considered in the industrial applications.

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Optimal sizing and energy management of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with two motors and multi-gear ratios

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Intelligent Control System for Monitoring the Maintenance of the Center Pivot Irrigation System

Intelligent Control System for Monitoring the Maintenance of the Center Pivot Irrigation System

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

An improved time-varying mesh stiffness calculation method and dynamic characteristic analysis for helical gears under variable torque conditions

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