Efficiency of a phase 1 vaccine for the reduction of vaginal Coxiella burnetii shedding in a clinically affected goat herd

Rousset, Élodie; Durand, Benoı̂t; Champion, Jean Luc; Prigent, Myriam; Dufour, Philippe; Forfait, Carole; Marois, M.; Gasnier, Teiva; Duquesne, Véronique; Thiéry, Richard; Aubert, Michel

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02220.x

Cited by 50 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Bacterial burdens in vaginal mucus and, to a lesser extent, in feces were also higher. These results are consistent with those previously obtained for sheep (17,20,21,35), goats (19,27,36), and cows (18). Low levels of C. burnetii DNA were also detected in milk (C T Ͼ30.5), which fits with the prevailing opinion among experts that sheep shed lower burdens of C. burnetii in milk than do cows and goats (3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Aborting females in particular release such large bacterial burdens into the environment that they may act as "superspreaders," according to Porten et al (49). Second, uninfected females, especially lambs and primiparous ewes, should be the primary targets of vaccination efforts in order to gradually immunize the entire flock (3,27,48,50). Finally, the viability of C. burnetii in litter and manure contaminated by infected birth products and feces may be reduced by composting such materials prior to their application (51,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, aborting and primiparous females, which tend to have higher bacterial burdens and shed C. burnetii for longer than nonaborting and multiparous females, respectively, need to be quickly identified and separated from the rest of the flock, even via culling, to limit the dissemination of C. burnetii (3,27,48). Aborting females in particular release such large bacterial burdens into the environment that they may act as "superspreaders," according to Porten et al (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, longitudinal follow-up studies performed on cattle (18,24) and goat (21,(25)(26)(27) farms have been particularly valuable in providing descriptive data on individual shedding patterns and revealing the factors that may affect shedding dynamics. To date, no such study exists for sheep, despite the fact that sheep are frequently associated with clusters of human Q fever cases in European countries (28)(29)(30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Joulié

Laroucau

Bailly

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir. Sheep, in particular, may frequently cause outbreaks in humans. Because within-flock circulation data are essential to implementing optimal management strategies, we performed a follow-up study of a naturally infected flock of dairy sheep. We aimed to (i) describe C. burnetii shedding dynamics by sampling vaginal mucus, feces, and milk, (ii) assess circulating strain diversity, and (iii) quantify barn environmental contamination. For 8 months, we sampled vaginal mucus and feces every 3 weeks from aborting and nonaborting ewes (n ‫؍‬ 11 and n ‫؍‬ 26, respectively); for lactating females, milk was obtained as well. We also sampled vaginal mucus from nine ewe lambs. Dust and air samples were collected every 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. All samples were screened using real-time PCR, and strongly positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative PCR. Vaginal and fecal samples with sufficient bacterial burdens were then genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) using 17 markers. C. burnetii burdens were higher in vaginal mucus and feces than in milk, and they peaked in the first 3 weeks postabortion or postpartum. Primiparous females and aborting females tended to shed C. burnetii longer and have higher bacterial burdens than nonaborting and multiparous females. Six genotype clusters were identified; they were independent of abortion status, and within-individual genotype diversity was observed. C. burnetii was also detected in air and dust samples. Further studies should determine whether the within-flock circulation dynamics observed here are generalizable.Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that has been reported in a broad range of host species. Livestock, especially small ruminants, are the main sources of human infections (1-3). In domestic ruminants, Q fever's major clinical manifestations are abortions and stillbirths, whose occurrence may translate into significant economic losses (1, 3). In humans, C. burnetii infections range from asymptomatic to severe. Acute forms of the disease may result in high fevers and severe pneumonia or hepatitis, and chronic forms are strongly debilitating and may be fatal when endocarditis develops in patients with underlying heart disease (4-6).Animals and humans become infected essentially through the inhalation of airborne particles contaminated with C. burnetii (3,7,8). Contaminated dust particles may remain infectious for long periods of time due to the capacity of the bacterium to differentiate into highly resistant spore-like forms (9, 10). Consequently, knowledge of C. burnetii's sources and shedding dynamics is essential to assessing the risks of disease transmission and pathogen persistence. On livestock farms, C. burnetii DNA has been found in various environmental matrices, such as dust (11-13) and aerosols (14-16). However, studies that examin...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Joulié

Laroucau

Bailly

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although this measure has been demonstrated to be efficient for small ruminants Astobiza et al, 2011), in cattle some questions still remain unclear. For example, when used in infected animals during the insemination period, vaccination does not prevent C. burnetii shedding (Guatteo et al, 2008;Rousset et al, 2009), questioning vaccination in adults. Notwithstanding, when cows in a recent study were vaccinated at the start of the third trimester of gestation, this measure proved safe and was related to an improvement of the subsequent fertility of the herd, especially when used in seronegative animals , despite the fact that vaccination during this period did not reduce shedding after parturition .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term vaccination against Coxiella burnetii on the fertility of high-producing dairy cows

García-Ispierto

López-Helguera

Tutusaus

et al. 2015

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The impact of long-term vaccination against Coxiella burnetii on the fertility of cows was studied. Double vaccinations three weeks apart at the start of the third trimester of gestation in each of two consecutive pregnancies were applied. The final study population consisted of 410 cows after the first vaccination round. Based on the odds ratios, the likelihood of early fetal loss (pregnancy loss following a positive pregnancy diagnosis before Day 90 of gestation) was higher in control cows (OR = 1.42) than in vaccinated cows. The final study population consisted of 336 cows after the second round of vaccination. According to the odds ratios, vaccinated C. burnetii seronegative cows were less likely to be subfertile (> 3 AI) (OR = 0.4) compared to non-vaccinated seronegative animals, and the likelihood of early fetal loss was lower in vaccinated C. burnetii seropositive animals (OR = 0.3) compared to non-vaccinated seronegative cows. Seropositivity to C. burnetii was positively related to twin pregnancy after the two rounds of vaccination (OR = 2.1 and 3.5, respectively). These results indicate that two consecutive vaccination rounds against C. burnetii in advanced gestation reduce subfertility and early fetal loss in dairy cows.

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Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella Brunetii in small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan: a novel reporting analytical cross sectional study

Iqbal

Durrani

Khan

et al. 2021

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Efficiency of a phase 1 vaccine for the reduction of vaginal Coxiella burnetii shedding in a clinically affected goat herd

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Effects of long-term vaccination against Coxiella burnetii on the fertility of high-producing dairy cows

Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella Brunetii in small ruminants in Punjab, Pakistan: a novel reporting analytical cross sectional study

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