Efficiency of antipredator training in captive-bred greater rheas reintroduced into the wild

Abstract

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Distribution and concentration of maternal progesterone in the yolk of Greater Rhea eggs (Rhea americana)

“…None of the eggs stayed in the nest for more than 24 hs to prevent the metabolism of the hormone by the developing embryo (Groothuis & von Engelhardt, 2005). Egg sample size was restricted to the maximum amount authorized in the Zoo, as the birds were also included in a reintroduction program (Lèche et al, 2016;Vera Cortez, Valdez, Navarro, & Martella, 2015). All eggs were collected during the intermediate laying period of each season, when the peak of egg production occurs (Lábaque, Martella, Maestri, Hoyos, & Navarro, 2010).…”

State of the art knowledge in adrenocortical and behavioral responses to environmental challenges in a threatened South American ratite: Implications to in situ and ex-situ conservation

“…Approaching the study of the populations from both perspectives has allowed the development of scientific studies on the characteristics of the species, the individual and population variations, and their response to different environmental conditions . On the other hand, specific conservation actions have been addressed, reinforcing or repopulating areas where these species had suffered severe reductions or had disappeared, through the translocation of individuals produced in captivity (Bellis et al, 2004a;2004b;Vera Cortez et al, 2015). In addition, data were obtained on various aspects of the ecology of wild populations, which make it possible to evaluate and forecast the outcome of the possible actions (Bazzano et al, 2014;Giordano et al, 2010).…”

Effect of Antipredator Training on Spatial Behaviour of Male and Female Greater RheasRhea americanaReintroduced Into the Wild

“…Each training session was filmed and lasted 18-19 min. Training with both models (Puma and chair) was performed in a similar way, but only the appearance of the Puma was paired to the presentation of the aversive stimulus (Vera Cortez et al 2015). Each individual received five sessions with each model.…”

“…In this case, the predator model was exhibited to the birds after training, but not associated with any aversive event. The animals actually learn to react against the predator and we observed that they modified the time they devoted to antipredator behaviours (for more details, see Vera Cortez et al 2015).…”

“…A conservation tool that might be used as to reverse the current situation of this species in central Argentina is reintroduction (Navarro & Martella 2011, Bazzano et al 2014. Related studies carried out under captivity have shown that the Greater Rheas changed their spatial behaviour, increasing the time devoted to running and walking, either as a stress response generated by transportation (Della Costa et al 2013), or after an antipredator training (Azevedo & Young 2006a,b, Vera Cortez et al 2015.…”