Efficiency of different monitoring units in representing pollutant removals in distributed ditches and ponds in agricultural landscapes

The Role of Ponds in Pesticide Dissipation at the Agricultural Catchment Scale: A Critical Review

“…Available approaches to examine pesticide dissipation in ponds and to establish mass balances allow monitoring and sometime quantifying the capacity of ponds to dissipate dissolved and solid-bound pesticides [25]. Literature surveys highlighted that artificial ponds can reduce pesticide masses by 50% on average (see [13,18,26] for reviews). Inlet and outlet pesticide loads are typically calculated based on concentrations and water discharges to estimate the dissipation efficiency of ponds (Figure 1A).…”

“…Inlet and outlet pesticide loads are typically calculated based on concentrations and water discharges to estimate the dissipation efficiency of ponds (Figure 1A). The overall mass transfer of pesticides in ponds can be estimated accounting for variable inputs and dynamic hydroclimatic conditions [13,18,26]. However, the contribution of pesticide dissipation processes to the overall dissipation in relation to temperature, water residence time, hydrological conditions or vegetation dynamics (Figure 1A), remains poorly quantified so far.…”

“…Upscaling approaches of pesticide dissipation from the pond to the headwater catchment scales could then be defined. For instance, empirical relationships can be derived from these 2D physically-based models to calculate residence time functions [44] from pond geometry and inflow-outflow dynamic and to include biogeochemical processes at the SWI [79] (Table 1) and improve existing modules for ponds in agro-hydrological models [26] (Table 2).…”