Efficient biodegradation of common ionic liquids by Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacterium

Composition and structural effects on the adsorption of ionic liquids onto activated carbon

“…Among the most studied destructive techniques the advanced oxidation [13][14][15] and biological treatments can be included. [16][17][18] It is important to consider that in the framework of the development of sustainable processes, the ILs recycling aer regeneration or recovery must be envisaged. 8 Amongst the available non-destructive technologies, distillation, 19 crystallization, 20 nanoltration, 21 pervaporation, 22 separation treatment by using salts 23 and adsorption onto solids [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] are being increasingly studied.…”

Bondonic Chemistry: Predicting Ionic Liquids’ (IL) Bondons by Raman-IR Spectra

“…But with increasing alkyl side chain length it is also increasing the toxicity to microorganisms, effect that can be attenuated by introduction of ester functional groups into the alkyl side chain of imidazolium and pyridinium based ILs (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Gathergood et al 2004;Garcia et al 2005 (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Yu et al 2008), and for inorganic anions, the biodegradability 18 decreased in the order PF (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Ranke et al 2007). The presence of functional oxygenated moieties reduce the lipophilicity of ILs (including pyridine) leading to a decrease in the risk of bioaccumulation in environment (Denga et al 2012).…”

“…The biodegradability of ILs depends on the structure of the cation-especially on the length of the alkyl side chain (the longer is alkyl side chain (> C6) the better the biodegradability is) with the exception of octyl side chain which have a disputable effect on biodegradation (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Stolte et al 2008;Gathergood and Scammells 2002;Romero et al 2008). But with increasing alkyl side chain length it is also increasing the toxicity to microorganisms, effect that can be attenuated by introduction of ester functional groups into the alkyl side chain of imidazolium and pyridinium based ILs (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Gathergood et al 2004;Garcia et al 2005 (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Yu et al 2008), and for inorganic anions, the biodegradability 18 decreased in the order PF (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Pham et al 2010;Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011;Ranke et al 2007).…”

“…The presence of functional oxygenated moieties reduce the lipophilicity of ILs (including pyridine) leading to a decrease in the risk of bioaccumulation in environment (Denga et al 2012). A warning sign is that in general the most common ILs shown to be not readily biodegradable (Petkovic et al 2011;Abrusci et al 2011).…”

“…Docherty et al (2007) found that Py4-3Me Br is metabolized by the activated sludge community (Pham et al 2010;Docherty et al 2007). Full mineralization was achieved for specifically designed ILs as those constituted by pyridinium rings with longer alkyl side chains or hydroxyl groups combined with biodegradable anions as saccharinate or octylsulfate (Coleman and Gathergood 2010;Stasiewicz et al 2008;Abrusci et al 2011;Stolte et al 2008). Presence of a 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) side chain showed high levels of biodegradation while methyl or ethyl ether side chains showed significantly lower levels of biodegradability, acetal and carbamate functionalities also showing low levels of mineralization (Ford et al 2010).…”