(Eco)Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids

Stolte, Stefan; Matzke, Marianne; Arning, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/9781118840061.ch9

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…11,14,29,30 ), confirming the direct link between the IL cation lipophilicity and toxicity, in particular related to the adsorption/intercalation of cations into biomembranes resulting in membrane perturbation/disruption and cellular uptake. 26,27,[30][31][32] Due to the importance of the interaction with the cell membrane, model biomembranes (such as phospholipid bilayers) can be artificially reconstructed in order to use surface techniques for a deep investigation, for example atomic force microscopy (AFM), 32,33 neutron scattering, 34 X-ray, 32,35,36 quartz crystal balance, 37 nanoplasmonics, 38 electrochemical impedance measurements, 28 and molecular dynamic simulations. [39][40][41] ILs were shown to be capable of strongly interacting with supported phospholipid structures, creating defects and perturbations, including structural rearrangement and fluidification, formation of holes, and complete disintegration of the assemblies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The toxic effect of the anions was shown to be secondary compared to the cationic effect, although fluorinated anions (such as BF 4 or NTf 2 ) may demonstrate an increased cytotoxicity . A variety of experimental conditions and biological systems were investigated (reviewed in recent refs ,,, ), confirming the direct link between the IL cation lipophilicity and toxicity, in particular related to the adsorption/intercalation of cations into biomembranes resulting in membrane perturbation/disruption and cellular uptake. ,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

2018

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The study of the toxicity, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is still in its infancy. Understanding the impact of ILs on living organisms, especially from the aquatic ecosystem, is urgent, since large amounts of these substances are starting to be employed as solvents in industrial chemical processes, and on the other side, evidence of toxic effects of ILs on microorganisms and single cells have been observed. To date, the toxicity of ILs has been investigated by means of macroscopic assays aimed at characterizing the effective concentrations (like the EC) that cause the death of a significant fraction of the population of microorganisms and cells. These studies allow us to identify the cell membrane as the first target of the IL interaction, whose effectiveness was correlated to the lipophilicity of the cation, i.e., to the length of the lateral alkyl chain. Our study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of ILs with living cells. To this purpose, we carried out a combined topographic and mechanical analysis by atomic force microscopy of living breast metastatic cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) upon interaction with imidazolium-based ILs. We showed that ILs are able to induce modifications of the overall rigidity (effective Young's modulus) and morphology of the cells. Our results demonstrate that ILs act on the physical properties of the outer cell layer (the membrane linked to the actin cytoskeleton), already at concentrations below the EC. These potentially toxic effects are stronger at higher IL concentrations, as well as with longer lateral chains in the cation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

2018

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“…Stolte et al have emphasized that clear guidelines are required for such investigations and that generalized approaches are inadequate. − For example, EC 50 (the half maximal effective concentration) has been deemed insufficient for understanding ionic liquid toxicity. More sophisticated subcellular investigations are ideally required (e.g., in vitro assays) , to understand ionic liquid toxicities and facilitate their future designs.…”

Section: Ionic Liquids (Ils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More sophisticated subcellular investigations are ideally required (e.g., in vitro assays) , to understand ionic liquid toxicities and facilitate their future designs. Stolte et al suggest the direct investigations of endocrine disruption; mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity; long-term and chronic toxicity; chemosensitizing potential; bioaccumulation; and persistency.…”

Section: Ionic Liquids (Ils)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chatel et al therefore highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of the biodegradation of ionic liquids and suggested that LCA studies should focus on toxicological and environmental risks. Stolte et al 160 have emphasized that clear guidelines are required for such investigations and that generalized approaches are inadequate. 161−163 For example, EC 50 (the half maximal effective concentration) has been deemed insufficient for understanding ionic liquid toxicity.…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

et al. 2018

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Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.

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Ionic Liquids

Kar

Matuszek

MacFarlane

2019

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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An overview of the field of ionic liquids is presented, including the nomenclature and types of ionic liquids. Their synthesis and purification methods are described, along with typical characterisation procedures and general physico‐chemical properties. The various applications of ionic liquids are also summarised including in batteries, in green chemistry as low vapour pressure solvents, in medicinal chemistry and in protein stabilisation.

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(Eco)Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

Ionic Liquids

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