Ionic Liquids

Abstract

An overview of the field of ionic liquids is presented, including the nomenclature and types of ionic liquids. Their synthesis and purification methods are described, along with typical characterisation procedures and general physico‐chemical properties. The various applications of ionic liquids are also summarised including in batteries, in green chemistry as low vapour pressure solvents, in medicinal chemistry and in protein stabilisation.

Thermal Properties and Crystal Structures of Rhenium(I) Carbonyl Complexes with Tridentate Ligands: Preparation of Rhenium-Containing Ionic Liquids

“…The ratios of melting point to glass transition temperature (Tg/Tm) for [1]PF6 and [2-Cl] were 0.72, which is consistent with the empirical value for molecular liquids (Tg/Tm = 0.67). 33 Thermal Stability.…”

“…cation II (between S5), which is 0.2 Å shorter than the vdW distance. The coordination structure of [1]PF6 is almost the same as that of similar S-coordinated complexes. 22 A number of N3C3…”

“…Tf2N is often used as the counteranion in ionic liquids because it tends to give salts with low melting points. 1 We investigated the thermal properties and crystal structures of these complexes and the reason for 3 the formation of bidentate complexes fac-[Re(CO)3LCl] despite the use of tridentate ligands. The Tf2N salts were found to be ionic liquids.…”

“…This salt remained liquid at ambient temperature when cooled from the melt and underwent a glass transition at around -30 °C. [1]PF6 was a solid, which exhibited a solid-phase transition and melting successively at 143 °C (S = 61.4 J mol -1 K -1 ), exhibiting crystallization upon cooling from the melt. [2]PF6 melted at 149.9 °C (S = 24.3 J mol -1 K -1 ) and exhibited a glass transition (Tg = 31 °C) upon cooling from the melt.…”

Insights into the Properties and Potential Applications of Renewable Carbohydrate-Based Ionic Liquids: A Review

“…Ionic liquids (ILs), which are composed of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions, show negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and very low flammability. These properties initially classified them as “green” solvents, representing them a promising alternative to VOCs [ 2 , 3 ]. However, the enthusiasm towards ILs that was expressed at the beginning of the 21st century began to decrease when people started considering the economic and environmental issues related to their production and use.…”