Efficient catalytic conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by aluminum oxide in ionic liquid

Synthesis and Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Heteropolyacids for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from Glucose

“…The catalytic performance of HPW/Nb2O5 was compared with some recent reported studies in literature that produce HMF from glucose, as shown in Table 6. The HMF yield (40.8%) obtained in the present study using HPW/Nb2O5 as catalyst and water/acetone was higher than most studies reported in the literature which used heterogeneous catalyst [34][35][36], even when organic phase [37] or ionic liquid [11] was applied as solvent. Teimouri et al [38], who used the same solvent as the present work (water/acetone), achieved lower HMF yield (34.6%), even using higher reaction temperature and time.…”

“…The process to convert glucose into HMF is influenced by several variables, such as the temperature, type of catalyst, reaction time, and reaction medium composition. Regarding the reaction medium, a variety of solvents has been evaluated for such a purpose, including aqueous, organic, and biphasic systems (water mixtures and organic solvents), as well as ionic liquids [8][9][10][11]. Glucose dehydration reactions tend to be more selective in the presence of aprotic solvents, e.g., dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and n-butanol.…”

Mechanistic understanding of humin formation in the conversion of glucose and fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid

“…Cr(II, III) salts were reported as catalysts for isomerization/dehydration of glucose to 5-HMF in ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl). [24][25][26][27][28] Ionic liquids are also applied in 5-HMF synthesis from fructose or even cellulose. 29 For hexoses conversion in [BMIM]Cl with CrCl 2 or CrCl 3 as catalysts, typical 5-HMF selectivity is about 70% and 90% with glucose and fructose as feedstock, respectively.…”

Rapid, High‐Yield Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Mixtures of Water and the Noncoordinating Ionic Liquid [bmim][OTf]

“…Of the 94 productso btained from these sugars, 25 were selected as involving feasible technologiest hat are suitablef or large-scale prototype testing in ap ilot plant. [11][12][13] Other research has focused on optimizingh eterogeneous catalysts for dehydration reactions involving both metal catalysts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and supported ionic liquids. [3] The main route to form HMF is by the dehydration of sugars, [4] and important resultsh ave been achieved for HMF production using ionic liquids.…”

“…[10] Deep eutectic solvents andw ater have also been investigated for the dehydration of fructose into HMF but improvedy ields are still needed. [11][12][13] Other research has focused on optimizingh eterogeneous catalysts for dehydration reactions involving both metal catalysts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and supported ionic liquids. [21,22] In particular, ionic liquidsw ith halide counteranions have provenv ery efficient for the production of HMF from fructose, glucose,a nd cellulose with both Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts.…”