Efficient coupling between annealed K/sup +/-Na/sup +/ ion-exchanged channel waveguides and 10/125 single-mode fibers at λ=1.321 μm

Palchetti, Luca; Giorgetti, E.; Grando, D.; Sottini, S.

doi:10.1109/3.655022

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For the buried channel EYDW fabricated in the two-step process using ion-exchange and FAA, n(x, y) can be modeled by a complementary error function in depth, and by an exponential function in width (Weiss and Srivastava 1995;Palchetti et al 1998;Liu and Pun 2005;Popescu and Puscas 2006). Figure 1 gives the structure of the buried waveguide and its refractive index.…”

Section: Variational Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the influence of fabrication parameters on the performance of buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides using the variational method

et al. 2007

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The variational method is proposed to analyze the influence of the fabrication parameters on the performance of buried K + -Na + ion-exchanged Er 3+ -Yb 3+ ions co-doped glass waveguide. The unknown parameters of the Hermite-Gaussian functions as the trial field distribution are determined based on the scalar variational principle. It is demonstrated that the results calculated in this paper agree with those measured in the experiment. The mode dimensions, the effective refractive index, and the overlap factor as the functions of the fabrication parameters are investigated. These results of the variational analysis are useful for the design and optimization of Er 3+ -Yb 3+ ions co-doped waveguides.

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Section: Variational Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the influence of fabrication parameters on the performance of buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides using the variational method

et al. 2007

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“…The resulting refractive index profile is related to the concentration profile of dopants and depends on time and temperature of the exchange process 32 , which allows to get both surface and buried waveguides. Thermal annealed K + and Ag + double-ionexchange 33 or K + -Na + glass waveguides 34 have low propagation and fiber-coupling losses at infrared wavelengths with the further advantage of negligible birefringence and consequently polarization independent properties as requested in optical communications systems. Deeply buried optical waveguides obtained by silver electromigration process, by using high electric fields, showed losses less than 0.1 dB/cm 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optic devices using liquid crystals: design and fabrication issues

et al. 2004

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Integrated optic devices using liquid crystals embedded in optical waveguiding structures have advantages in terms of compactness and high performance. Such devices exploits the high electro-optic effect and the good optical properties of liquid crystals, in particular their high bireffingence and their low absorption, combined with low loss optical waveguides. Optical switches based on ion-exchanged channel glass waveguides and liquid crystals operating in the C-band used for optical communications have been designed by using beam propagation method. Polarization independent configurations are described and evaluated in terms of crosstalk and losses. Feasibility of tunable optical filters using composites materials made of polymer and nematic liquid crystals to be used in optical communication and sensor systems is demonstrated. Materials and fabrication procedures of both integrated optical switches and filters are also discussed

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“…Moreover, the deterioration of the glass surface is avoided compared to the FAIE method. For the K + -Na + ion-exchange, a theoretical model has been developed to simulate the index profiles of annealing waveguides [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buried channel waveguides using ion-exchange and field-assisted annealing in glass: modeling and experiments

Liu

Pun

2004

SPIE Proceedings

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Theoretical and experimental studies on buried ion-exchanged waveguides using field-assisted annealing (FAA) in erbium-doped phosphate glasses were reported. The procedure for making buried waveguides using a two-step process was demonstrated. An analytical model for the FAA process was developed, and both the refractive index profiles and the effective buried depths of these waveguides are predicted. This model is based upon the available data derived from the ion-exchanged planar waveguide measurements. The mode intensity profiles as well as the buried depths were measured with the use of standard end-fire coupling setup and a calibrated image capture card. The buried depths are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results.

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Efficient coupling between annealed K/sup +/-Na/sup +/ ion-exchanged channel waveguides and 10/125 single-mode fibers at λ=1.321 μm

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Research on the influence of fabrication parameters on the performance of buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides using the variational method

Research on the influence of fabrication parameters on the performance of buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides using the variational method

Integrated optic devices using liquid crystals: design and fabrication issues

Buried channel waveguides using ion-exchange and field-assisted annealing in glass: modeling and experiments

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