“… 13–16 Among them, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) 17,18 nanoparticles are been considered promising candidates since they are inexpensive, chemically stable, easy to prepare, and may be recovered by using an external magnetic field. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles are known for applications in several areas, such as drug delivery systems, 19–21 targeted gene therapy, 22–24 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 25 sensors, 26 separation and environmental remediation processes, 27 nanomedicine 28–30 and catalysis, 31–33 additive of synthetic base oil, 34 analytical chemistry using the SERS effect, 35,36 among others.…”