Efficient electrochemical water oxidation in neutral and near-neutral systems with a nanoscale silver-oxide catalyst

Joya, Khurram Saleem; Ahmad, Zahoor; Joya, Yasir F.; Garcia‐Esparza, Angel T.; Groot, Huub J. M. de

doi:10.1039/c6nr03147a

Cited by 36 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Ag x O y is well-known to be an efficient catalyst for water oxidation; [28][29][30] thus, at 1.2 V, water is oxidized near the Ag x O y particles to produce oxygen and protons (Figure 4, step 4). Ag x O y is well-known to be an efficient catalyst for water oxidation; [28][29][30] thus, at 1.2 V, water is oxidized near the Ag x O y particles to produce oxygen and protons (Figure 4, step 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29][30] By controlling the concentration of Ag + and the pH of the solution, we can control the equilibria associated with the various electrochemical reactions involved in this multi-step process, thereby verifying that multiple simultaneous processes are occurring, including the growth and dissolution of multiple nanoparticles within a single region of interest. Ag + generated by the oxidation of individual Ag NPs acts as a feedstock for the electrodeposition of new, spatially distinct Ag x O y particles, which is confirmed by control studies using AgNO 3 solutions as an alternative feedstock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

2018

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Studying multiple simultaneous electrochemical reactions using typical electrochemical methods is challenging, because the measured current is a convolution of concurrent electrochemical reactions. Thus, to monitor multiple simultaneous electrochemical reactions, secondary techniques, such as imaging or spectroscopy are increasingly useful. Herein we use dark-field optical microscopy to visualize the electrodeposition of silver oxide (Ag x O y ) particles using the Ag + ions generated by the concurrent electrodissolution of individual Ag nanoparticles at high anodic potential. We propose that the formation of Ag x O y particles is based on an aggregative growth mechanism, where electrodeposited Ag x O y nanoclusters aggregate over time to form a larger Ag x O y particle. The electrodeposited Ag x O y particles catalyze water oxidation and decrease the local pH, which alters the reaction equilibrium by hindering continued growth of the Ag x O y particles at 1.2 V and consuming the Ag x O y particles and producing Ag + ions at open circuit. Overall the understanding obtained by imaging these reactions is not possible to decode using the measured ensemble current.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

2018

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“…Most of the modified routes are solution based where the metal core and the surface properties are controlled through optimization of experimental parameters such as temperature, pH value, nature and concentration of capping ligands and reducing agents, time of reaction, and suitable choice of solvent. In the top‐down approach, SACs (e.g., Au 8 , Au 3 , Ni 6 , and Ni 4 ) are produced from larger particles by etching . In the following we will summarize well‐established synthetic approaches for the synthesis of these emerging materials.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the same mechanism, recently we introduced Ni 6 and Ni 4 NCs capped with a precise number of 2‐phenylethanthiol ligands. In this modified Brust protocol, a Ni–glutathione (GHS) complex initially formed in THF, which was followed by reduction with NaBH 4 to produce Ni 6 NCs . It is worth noting that in addition to other factors in the modified Brust method, the importance of water during the reaction is critical, which was studied by Li et al .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting insoluble particles were dispersed in a mixture of toluene, CH 3 OH, and water in the presence of excess amount of PET. After refluxing at 80 °C, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight for complete etching of Ni 4 (PET) 8 in the organic phase . It is noteworthy to mention that this was the first synthesis of transition metal NCs with a minimum number of core atoms.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Nanoclusters: New Paradigm in Catalysis for Water Splitting, Solar and Chemical Energy Conversion

et al. 2019

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A sustainable future demands innovative breakthroughs in science and technology today, especially in the energy sector. Earth‐abundant resources can be explored and used to develop renewable and sustainable resources of energy to meet the ever‐increasing global energy demand. Efficient solar‐powered conversion systems exploiting inexpensive and robust catalytic materials for the photo‐ and photo‐electro‐catalytic water splitting, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, and usage of waste products (such as CO2) as chemical fuels are appealing solutions. Many electrocatalysts and nanomaterials have been extensively studied in this regard. Low overpotentials, catalytic stability, and accessibility remain major challenges. Metal nanoclusters (NCs, ≤3 nm) with dimensions between molecule and nanoparticles (NPs) are innovative materials in catalysis. They behave like a “superatom” with exciting size‐ and facet‐dependent properties and dynamic intrinsic characteristics. Being an emerging field in recent scientific endeavors, metal NCs are believed to replace the natural photosystem II for the generation of green electrons in a viable way to facilitate the challenging catalytic processes in energy‐conversion schemes. This Review aims to discuss metal NCs in terms of their unique physicochemical properties, possible synthetic approaches by wet chemistry, and various applications (mostly recent advances in the electrochemical and photo‐electrochemical water splitting cycle and the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells). Moreover, the significant role that MNCs play in dye‐sensitized solar cells and nanoarrays as a light‐harvesting antenna, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into fuels, and concluding remarks about the present and future perspectives of MNCs in the frontiers of surface science are also critically reviewed.

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Emerging Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation under Near‐Neutral CO₂ Reduction Conditions

et al. 2021

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Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), which produces valuable fuels and chemicals under near‐neutral conditions, offers a renewable approach to alleviate the global energy crisis as well as the increasing concerns on climate change. However, to implement this strategy, one of the major challenges, the sluggish kinetics of the paired oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at anode, needs to be surmounted. It is therefore highly desirable to explore high‐performance and cost‐effective OER electrocatalysts suitable for CO2RR conditions, which is very different from those widely investigated under acidic or alkaline conditions. In this review, the ongoing development of OER electrocatalysts under near pH‐neutral CO2‐saturated (bi)carbonate solutions are highlighted and the future opportunities are discussed. It is started with a brief introduction on OER paired with CO2RR, the relevant theoretical tools such as density functional theory (DFT) and particularly machine learning (ML), and the operando characterization techniques. Then, there are some detailed discussions of recent progress on the rational design of OER electrocatalysts under CO2RR conditions ranging from noble‐metal oxides to nonprecious metal phosphides, carbonates, (hydro)oxides, and so on. Finally, a perspective for developing OER electrocatalysts integrated with CO2 electroreduction is proposed.

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Efficient electrochemical water oxidation in neutral and near-neutral systems with a nanoscale silver-oxide catalyst

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

Metal Nanoclusters: New Paradigm in Catalysis for Water Splitting, Solar and Chemical Energy Conversion

Emerging Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation under Near‐Neutral CO₂ Reduction Conditions

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Efficient electrochemical water oxidation in neutral and near-neutral systems with a nanoscale silver-oxide catalyst

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging

Metal Nanoclusters: New Paradigm in Catalysis for Water Splitting, Solar and Chemical Energy Conversion

Emerging Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation under Near‐Neutral CO2 Reduction Conditions

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Product

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Emerging Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation under Near‐Neutral CO₂ Reduction Conditions