Efficient Eradication of Bacterial Biofilms with Highly Specific Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Sheets

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms are usually resistant to antibiotics, thus powerful methods are required for removal. Nanomaterial involving a combination of treatment modalities recently has been recognized as an effective alternative to combat biofilm. However, its targeted and controlled release in bacterial infection is still a major challenge. Here, we present an intelligent phototherapeutic nanoplatform consisting of an aptamer (Apt), indocyanine green (ICG), and carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO–COOH), namely, ICG@GO-Apt, for targeted treatment of the biofilm formed by Salmonella Typhimurium. Since Apt-conjugated nanosheets (NSs) can specifically accumulate near abscess caused by the pathogens, they enhance greatly the local drug molecule concentration and promote their precise delivery. They can simultaneously generate heat and reactive oxygen species under near-infrared irradiation for photothermal/photodynamic therapy, thereby significantly enhancing biofilm elimination. The phototherapeutic ICG@GO-Apt also displays a good biocompatibility. More importantly, the multifunction phototherapeutic platform shows an efficient biofilm elimination with an efficiency of greater than 99.99% in an abscess formation model. Therefore, ICG@GO-Apt NSs with bacteria-targeting capability provide a reliable tool for clinical bacterial infection that circumvents antibiotic resistance.

Tailoring the Surface and Composition of Nanozymes for Enhanced Bacterial Binding and Antibacterial Activity

“…Wang et al reported ICG@GO-Apt consisting of aptamer, indocyanine green, and carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide for targeted therapy of cell membranes formed by Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) (Figure 5B). [119] ICG@GO-Apt could specifically adhere to S. typhimurium and eradicate the biofilms under NIR irradiation. The mouse model experiments confirmed that ICG@GO-Apt effectively eradicated the bacteria from the abscess site under NIR light, providing a promising platform for the targeted and precise treatment of bacterial infections.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 119 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. C) DNA‐mediated Au‐Pt nanoparticle with photothermal and catalytic activities for the colorimetric detection and eradication of E. coli O157:H7.…”

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli Based on Cationic Carbon Dots Assembling with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid

“…Antibiotics are commonly used clinical drugs for bacterial infectious treatment, and the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have accelerated the evolution of bacterial resistance . With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanomaterial-based antimicrobial agents, such as nanosilver, , titanium dioxide, , graphene, , and cationic polymer nanoparticles, have shown great potential in overcoming drug resistance by virtue of their unique characteristics. However, these nanosystems are still restricted to certain limits for practical applications.…”

Bacteria-targeted photothermal therapy for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections

“…5,8 To address this issue, PTAs have been decorated with bacteria-targeting moieties, such as vancomycin (Van), anti-protein A IgG, aptamers and natural borneol-derived polymers. [9][10][11][12][13] MXenes are a new family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides of transition metals with the general formula M n+1 X n T x (n = 1, 2 or 3), which are prepared by selective etching of the A element layer from the pristine M n+1 AX n phase. [14][15][16] Due to their intrinsic high conductivity, large specific surface area, hydrophilicity, and excellent near-infrared photothermal conversion capability, 2D MXene nanosheets (2DM) are widely used in energy storage, photocatalysis, environmental science and biomedical engineering.…”

“…5,8 To address this issue, PTAs have been decorated with bacteria-targeting moieties, such as vancomycin (Van), anti-protein A IgG, aptamers and natural borneol-derived polymers. 9–13…”