“…Yan et al [19] utilized spatial and temporal characteristics to establish a spatiotemporal perception-aware model to adjust the CTUlevel QP offset. In [10], [20]- [22], the information loss and compression artifacts introduced by quantization can be effectively reduced by accurately modeling the distribution of DCT coefficients. In [8], [9], [23], the temporal adaptive quantization methods were used to reduce the inter-frame dependency and achieve a significant global optimization by using a group of neighboring frames.…”