Efficient homogeneous and supported ionic liquid catalysts for production of linear alkylbenzenes

Abstract

AlCl 3 based homogeneous ionic liquids, such as 1 butyl 3 methyl imidazolium chloroaluminate ([BMIm] + Al 2 ), 1 butyl 3 methyl pyridinum chloroaluminate ([BMPy] + Al 2 ), and triethylamine hydrochloride chloroaluminate (Et 3 NHCl AlCl 3 ), were prepared to study the benzene alkylation with 1 dodecene. All homogeneous ionic liquid catalysts have shown higher selectivity (~40%) for desired 2 LAB (2 linear alkylbenzene) than the conventional AlCl 3 catalyst (~32%). Apart from the homogeneous catalysts, one supported ionic liquid catalyst (SG-N + (C 2 H 5 ) 3 -Al 2 ) was also synthesized. The supported ionic liq uid catalyst showed further increased selectivity of the 2 LAB (~45%). Moreover, the reusability of SG-N + (C 2 H 5 ) 3 -Al 2 catalyst was much higher than the homogeneous ionic liquid catalysts. The supported ionic liquid catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as FT IR, MAS NMR and Scanning Elec tron Microscopy (SEM). Hammett acidity function (Ho) was used to determine the acidity of supported ionic liquid catalysts. The pyridine adsorbed FT IR spectra of (SG-N + (C 2 H 5 ) 3 -Al 2 ) catalyst showed presence of common Brönsted (Brønsted)-Lewis acidic sites. The 27 Al MAS NMR of (SG N + (C 2 H 5 ) 3 Al 2 ) cata lyst showed a band at ~6.987 ppm, which is attributed to 6 coordinated Al species. A nonlinear optimization algorithm was developed in MATLAB 7.4.0 to determine the kinetic parameters of the benzene alkylation with 1 dodecene in presence of (SG-N + (C 2 H 5 ) 3 -Al 2 ) catalyst. The concentrations of the products pre dicted by model were found in good agreement with experiments (relative error ~1.5%).

Highly Selective Synthesis of Polyalkylated Naphthalenes Catalyzed by Ionic Liquids and Their Tribological Properties as Lubricant Base Oil

“…Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been utilized as catalysts for alkylation reactions, which allows for a mild reaction temperature and the easy separation of ILs and products. Much effort had been devoted to the alkylation of benzene by the use of chloroaluminate ILs as catalysts to enhance the conversion and selectivity of the desired products . As a Lewis acidic catalyst, [1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium][tetrachloroaluminate] ([BMIM][AlCl 4 ]) ILs can be directly applied or immobilized on metal oxides (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 ) for the alkylation of benzene, toluene, naphthalene and phenol with dodecene under mild conditions .…”

“…Much effort had been devoted to the alkylation of benzene by the use of chloroaluminate ILs as catalysts to enhance the conversion and selectivity of the desired products. [24][25][26][27] produce polyalkylated benzene products more easily than the ILs of Et 3 NHCl-FeCl 3 . [29] Considering that medium long-chain polyalkylated naphthalenes have similar physicochemical properties as long-chain mono-alkylnaphthalenes, herein, we applied two medium longchain n-olefins with the alkylation of naphthalene to obtain polyalkylated naphthalene chemicals that have excellent lubrication properties for use as a lubricating base oil.…”

Ionic-Liquid-Catalyzed Alkylation of Extracted Oil from a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Slurry

“…23−27 studied the homogeneous catalytic alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene using different cationic chlorinated aluminate ionic liquids as catalysts and found that the addition of the ionic liquid Et 3 NHCl•2AlCl 3 increased the selectivity of the linear alkylbenzene from 32% to 40%. 28 Chen et al studied the alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene in ionic liquid systems.…”

“…Traditionally, aromatic alkylation reactions are usually catalyzed by strong acid catalysts such as H 2 SO 4 , HF, or anhydrous AlCl 3 , which have many disadvantages, such as corrosion of equipment, difficult separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture, and environmental pollution. , To solve these problems, ionic liquids such as Et 3 NHCl–AlCl 3 complex have been used as novel alkylation catalysts with higher catalytic activities, milder reaction conditions, easier separation processes, and better selectivities. − Kumar et al studied the homogeneous catalytic alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene using different cationic chlorinated aluminate ionic liquids as catalysts and found that the addition of the ionic liquid Et 3 NHCl·2AlCl 3 increased the selectivity of the linear alkylbenzene from 32% to 40% . Chen et al studied the alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene in ionic liquid systems.…”