Efficient image tampering localization using semi-fragile watermarking and error control codes

Lefèvre, Pascal; Carré, Philippe; Fontaine, Caroline; Gaborit, Philippe; Huang, Jiwu

doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2021.108342

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A well-known and powerful tool to enhance the robustness of a watermarking scheme is the use of error-correcting codes which permits to correct errors induced by a given attack [ 28 , 37 , 38 ]. This work employs the binary Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) code [ 39 ] over the Galois field GF( q ) with codewords of length

(where m is an integer), k information bits,

parity bits, and error correction capability t bits.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Chaotic Sequences and Error-Correcting Codes

Ramos

Artiles

Chaves

et al. 2023

Entropy

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With the rapid development of digital signal processing tools, image contents can be easily manipulated or maliciously tampered with. Fragile watermarking has been largely used for content authentication purposes. This article presents a new proposal for image fragile watermarking algorithms for tamper detection and image recovery. The watermarked bits are obtained from the parity bits of an error-correcting code whose message is formed from a binary chaotic sequence (generated from a secret key known to all legitimate users) and from bits of the original image. Part of the codeword (the chaotic bits) is perfectly known to these users during the extraction phase, adding security and robustness to the watermarking method. The watermarked bits are inserted at specific sub-bands of the discrete wavelet transform of the original image and are used as authentication bits for the tamper detection process. The imperceptibility, detection, and recovery of this algorithm are tested for various common attacks over digital images. The proposed algorithm is analyzed for both grayscale and colored images. Comparison results reveal that the proposed technique performs better than some existing methods.

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(where m is an integer), k information bits,

parity bits, and error correction capability t bits.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Chaotic Sequences and Error-Correcting Codes

Ramos

Artiles

Chaves

et al. 2023

Entropy

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“…Pseudo-Zernike moments (PZM) are due to Pseudo-Zernike polynomials and these are complex-valued polynomials which are orthogonal sets defined within the unit circle's interior x 2 + y 2 > =1 [33,49]. The polynomials set is represented by P nm (x,y)} and it is given as, where, ρ sqrt(x 2 + y 2 ), θ = tan−1(y/x).…”

Section: Pseudo-zernike Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To justify the proposed system's performance, we implemented the existing tamper detection-based watermarking algorithms [24,33], Zernike moments-based watermarking system [40,49], Pseudo Zernike moments-based watermarking system [60], Dual-tree Complex Wavelet transform-based watermarking algorithm [63], color image watermarking [1] with the dataset used for the proposed work and the same also been compared with the introduction of various attacks. Tables 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 depicts the interpretations during No or Zero Attack conditions, Unintentional -Image Table 5 clears that the proposed multi-biometric based semi-fragile watermarking system attains higher visual quality on the standard test images lena, cameraman, baboon, elaine, and brandyrose for the value of PSNR value when related to the conventional systems.…”

Section: Comparative Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We demonstrate the advantages of employing control code error localization as an authentication function as well as its complexity by introducing several families of codes. In fact, to find image tampering, the proposed system in [33] demonstrate experimentally that error localization block codes are just as accurate as utilizing traditional error correcting codes (Reed-Solomon and BCH codes). However, the complexity of the relevant decoding algorithms is at least quadratic, making them unsuitable for some real-time applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A robust semi-fragile watermarking system using Pseudo-Zernike moments and dual tree complex wavelet transform for social media content authentication

Agilandeeswari

Manoharan

Alenizi

2023

Multimed Tools Appl

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With the growing use of mobile devices and Online Social Networks (OSNs), sharing digital content, especially digital images is extremely high as well as popular. This made us convenient to handle the ongoing COVID-19 crisis which has brought about years of change in the sharing of digital content online. On the other hand, the digital image processing tools which are powerful enough to make the perfect image duplication compromises the privacy of the transmitted digital content. Therefore, content authentication, proof of ownership, and integrity of digital images are considered crucial problems in the world of digital that can be accomplished by employing a digital watermarking technique. On contrary, watermarking issues are to triumph trade-offs among imperceptibility, robustness, and payload. However, most existing systems are unable to handle the problem of tamper detection and recovery in case of intentional and unintentional attacks concerning these trade-offs. Also, the existing system fails to withstand the geometrical attacks. To resolve the above shortcomings, this proposed work offers a new multi-biometric based semi-fragile watermarking system using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and pseudo-Zernike moments (PZM) for content authentication of social media data. In this research work, the DTCWT-based coefficients are used for achieving maximum embedding capacity. The Rotation and noise invariance properties of Pseudo Zernike moments make the system attain the highest level of robustness when compared to conventional watermarking systems. To achieve authentication and proof of identity, the watermarks of about four numbers are used for embedding as a replacement for a single watermark image in traditional systems. Among four watermarks, three are the biometric images namely Logo or unique image of the user, fingerprint biometric of the owner, and the metadata of the original media to be transmitted. In addition, to achieve the tamper localization property, the Pseudo Zernike moments of the original cover image are obtained as a feature vector and also embedded as a watermark. To attain a better level of security, each watermark is converted into Zernike moments, Arnold scrambled image, and SHA outputs respectively. Then, to sustain the trade-off among the watermarking parameters, the optimal embedding location is determined. Moreover, the watermarked image is also signed by the owner's other biometric namely digital signature, and converted into Public key matrix P km and embedded onto the higher frequency subband namely, HL of the Extended author information available on the last page of the article 1-level DWT. The proposed system also accomplishes a multi-level authentication, among that the first level is attained by the decryption of the extracted multiple watermark images with the help of the appropriate decryption mechanism which is followed by the comparison of the authentication key which is extracted using the key which is regenerated at the receiver's end. The simulation outcomes...

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“…In the second stage, semi-fragile watermark was embedded by using modified index key based method. Pascal et al 13 . used semi-fragile watermarking and error-locating codes in the DWT domain to achieve efficient image tampering localization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost assignment based adaptive active forensics scheme for image tampers

et al. 2023

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With the rapid development of multimedia editing technology and DeepFake technology, image integrity and authenticity meet more challenges. Most existing methods only focus on improving the accuracy of tamper detection and localization, but ignore the potential tampering risk, which is related to the saliency. There are uneven potential tamper threats to any graphic images, and it is interesting to exploit saliency to adaptively assign embedding cost. We propose an active forensics scheme for tamper localization by adaptively adjusting cost assignment. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in transparency, localization accuracy, and robustness against unintentional attacks.

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Efficient image tampering localization using semi-fragile watermarking and error control codes

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

A Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Chaotic Sequences and Error-Correcting Codes

A Fragile Image Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Chaotic Sequences and Error-Correcting Codes

A robust semi-fragile watermarking system using Pseudo-Zernike moments and dual tree complex wavelet transform for social media content authentication

Cost assignment based adaptive active forensics scheme for image tampers

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