“…In tandem, metaheuristic algorithms, such as genetic programming and particle swarm optimization, empower AI systems to solve complex problems by mimicking natural processes of optimization and exploration. Robotics, on the other hand, serves as the embodiment of AI in the physical world, leveraging computational intelligence and metaheuristics to create intelligent machines capable of autonomous action and interaction with their environment (Al Mhdawi et al, 2022;Toumi et al, 2022;Abed et al, 2022;Daraz et al, 2022Daraz et al, , 2021Mahdi et al, 2022;Najm et al, 2022;Abdul-Adheem et al, 2022, 2020aHumaidi et al, 2023Humaidi et al, , 2022Saidi et al, 2022;Ghoudelbourk et al, 2022Ghoudelbourk et al, , 2021Ghoudelbourk et al, , 2020Ghoudelbourk et al, , 2016Ajel et al, 2021;Bouchemha et al, 2021;Rana et al, 2021;Lajouad et al, 2021;Al-Qassar et al, 2021b;Hamiche et al, 2021;Kammogne et al, 2020;Alain et al, 2020;Ghazizadeh et al, 2018). Together, these components epitomize the multifaceted nature of AI, driving innovation and reshaping the boundaries of technological possibility.…”