Efficient mineralization and osteogenic gene overexpression of mesenchymal stem cells on decellularized spinach leaf scaffold

Salehi, Ali; Mobarhan, Mohammad Amin; Mohammadi, Javad; Shahsavarani, Hosein; Shokrgozar, Mohammad Ali; Alipour, Atefeh

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.144852

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Plant-based scaffolds have many physical property advantages (Lacombe et al, 2020). Various decellularized fruit and vegetable -derived tissues as scaffolds have been investigated in vitro (Salehi et al, 2020;Contessi Negrini et al, 2020). Previously, there was a very complex foreign body reaction after implantation of foreign materials (Klopfleisch and Jung, 2017;Jurak et al, 2021), we also showed that foreign body reaction occurred after implantation of different patch materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…But several recent studies showed some exciting results on plant-based scaffolds in vitro experiments; decellularized spinach and parsley can be decellularized with human endothelial cells, the authors showed that decellularized plants can be scaffolds in tissue engineering (Gershlak et al, 2017). Decellularized spinach leaf scaffolds can also accelerate stem cell growth and differentiation in bone tissue engineering (Salehi et al, 2020). Recently, a group decellularized three different plant tissues (apple, carrot, and celery), examined their properties (porosity, mechanical properties), and explored their potential application in the regeneration of different tissues in vitro (Contessi Negrini et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Plant Leaf Patch Absorbed With IL-33 Antibody Decreases Venous Neointimal hyperplasia

Xie

Bai

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: We recently showed that a decellularized leaf scaffold can be loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based rapamycin nanoparticles, this leaf patch can then inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia in a rat inferior vena cava (IVC) venoplasty model. IL-33 plays a role in the neointimal formation after vascular injury. We hypothesized that plant leaves can absorb therapeutic drug solution and can be used as a patch with drug delivery capability, and plant leaves absorbed with IL-33 antibody can decrease venous neointimal hyperplasia in the rat IVC venoplasty model.Method: A human spiral saphenous vein (SVG) graft implanted in the popliteal vein was harvested from a patient with trauma and analyzed by immunofluorescence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 6–8 weeks) were used to create the IVC patch venoplasty model. Plant leaves absorbed with rhodamine, distilled water (control), rapamycin, IL-33, and IL-33 antibody were cut into patches (3 × 1.5 mm2) and implanted into the rat IVC. Patches were explanted at day 14 for analysis.Result: At day 14, in the patch absorbed with rhodamine group, immunofluorescence showed rhodamine fluorescence in the neointima, inside the patch, and in the adventitia. There was a significantly thinner neointima in the plant patch absorbed with rapamycin (p = 0.0231) compared to the patch absorbed with distilled water. There was a significantly large number of IL-33 (p = 0.006) and IL-1β (p = 0.012) positive cells in the human SVG neointima compared to the human great saphenous vein. In rats, there was a significantly thinner neointima, a smaller number of IL-33 (p = 0.0006) and IL-1β (p = 0.0008) positive cells in the IL-33 antibody-absorbed patch group compared to the IL-33-absorbed patch group.Conclusion: We found that the natural absorption capability of plant leaves means they can absorb drug solution efficiently and can also be used as a novel drug delivery system and venous patch. IL-33 plays a role in venous neointimal hyperplasia both in humans and rats; neutralization of IL-33 by IL-33 antibody can be a therapeutic method to decrease venous neointimal hyperplasia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Plant Leaf Patch Absorbed With IL-33 Antibody Decreases Venous Neointimal hyperplasia

Xie

Bai

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“… 19 The use of decellularized spinach leaf 3D scaffolds has been reported; while these present challenges associated with artificial scaffolds, their surface properties and the pore shapes are effective for stem cell binding, growth, and proliferation. 13 Decellularized apple, carrot, and celery-derived tissues as scaffolds have been investigated for the regeneration of more tissue types, such as adipose tissue, bone tissue, and tendons. 20 However, these pioneer studies are all in vitro studies, and in vivo studies are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 12 Another study reported using decellularized spinach leaf scaffolds in stem cell growth and differentiation in bone tissue engineering. 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Tissue-Engineered Plant Scaffold as a Vascular Patch

et al. 2021

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Tissue-engineered plant scaffolds have shown promising applications in in vitro studies. To assess the applicability of natural plant scaffolds as vascular patches, we tested decellularized leaf and onion cellulose in a rat inferior vena cava patch venoplasty model. The leaf was decellularized, and the scaffold was loaded with polylactic- co -glycolic acid (PLGA)-based rapamycin nanoparticles (nanoparticles). Nanoparticle-perfused leaves showed decreased neointimal thickness after implantation on day 14; there were also fewer CD68-positive cells and PCNA-positive cells in the neointima in the nanoparticle-perfused patches than in the control patches. Onion cellulose was decellularized, coated with rapamycin nanoparticles, and implanted in the rat; the nanoparticle-coated onion cellulose patches also showed decreased neointimal thickness. These data show that natural plant-based scaffolds may be used as novel scaffolds for tissue-engineered vascular patches. However, further modifications are needed to enhance patch strength for artery implantations.

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“…Using moderate pressure and a PAA entrainer, the dissolving power of the fluid effectively removed plant cellular content to generate a biocompatible scaffold in mere hours. The gold standard chemical processing of plant material decellularization is time-consuming, taking several days (Table S1) 6,8,9,11,12,14 . Leaves are mechanically agitated in a bath of SDS/detergent for anywhere from 2 to 5 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularization of plant material to generate 3D biocompatible scaffolds

Harris

Lacombe

Liyanage

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The use of plant-based biomaterials for tissue engineering has recently generated interest as plant decellularization produces biocompatible scaffolds which can be repopulated with human cells. The predominant approach for vegetal decellularization remains serial chemical processing. However, this technique is time-consuming and requires harsh compounds which damage the resulting scaffolds. The current study presents an alternative solution using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Protocols testing various solvents were assessed and results found that scCO2 in combination with 2% peracetic acid decellularized plant material in less than 4 h, while preserving plant microarchitecture and branching vascular network. The biophysical and biochemical cues of the scCO2 decellularized spinach leaf scaffolds were then compared to chemically generated scaffolds. Data showed that the scaffolds had a similar Young’s modulus, suggesting identical stiffness, and revealed that they contained the same elements, yet displayed disparate biochemical signatures as assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, human fibroblast cells seeded on the spinach leaf surface were attached and alive after 14 days, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the scCO2 decellularized scaffolds. Thus, scCO2 was found to be an efficient method for plant material decellularization, scaffold structure preservation and recellularization with human cells, while performed in less time (36 h) than the standard chemical approach (170 h).

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Efficient mineralization and osteogenic gene overexpression of mesenchymal stem cells on decellularized spinach leaf scaffold

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

A Novel Plant Leaf Patch Absorbed With IL-33 Antibody Decreases Venous Neointimal hyperplasia

A Novel Plant Leaf Patch Absorbed With IL-33 Antibody Decreases Venous Neointimal hyperplasia

Application of the Tissue-Engineered Plant Scaffold as a Vascular Patch

Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularization of plant material to generate 3D biocompatible scaffolds

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