Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cell with Cell Area >1 cm²

Abstract

Monolithic perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells hold great promise for further performance improvement of well-established silicon photovoltaics; however, monolithic tandem integration is challenging, evidenced by the modest performances and small-area devices reported so far. Here we present first a low-temperature process for semitransparent perovskite solar cells, yielding efficiencies of up to 14.5%. Then, we implement this process to fabricate monolithic perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells yielding efficiencies of up to 21.2 and 19.2% for cell areas of 0.17 and 1.22 cm(2), respectively. Both efficiencies are well above those of the involved subcells. These single-junction perovskite and tandem solar cells are hysteresis-free and demonstrate steady performance under maximum power point tracking for several minutes. Finally, we present the effects of varying the intermediate recombination layer and hole transport layer thicknesses on tandem cell photocurrent generation, experimentally and by transfer matrix simulations.

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

“…[118,119] IO:H, ICO:H, and IWO:H have been successfully applied in SHJ, [117,[120][121][122] CIGS, [123] and perovskite solar cells. [124] Amorphous indium zinc oxide (IZO) is another TCO with low FCA and good electrical properties. Even with an amorphous structure (different from polycrystalline IO:H and ICO:H), IZO can have electron mobilities up to 60 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for free carrier densities between 1-3 × 10 20 cm −3 .…”

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

“…Simultaneously, the Si solar cells have dominated the photovoltaic markets for a long time, and the PCE record of the single-junction Si solar cell has reached 26.6% [8], but the relatively high manufactur-ing cost limits their wider applications. In recent years, the perovskite/Si tandem solar cells [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] have attracted increasing interest as they possess great commercial possibility in fabricating high-performance solar cells via the cost-effective pathway.…”

“…The first twoterminal perovskite/Si tandem cell appeared in 2015 and obtained a relatively low PCE of 13.7% due to the current mismatch issue and parasitic absorption [11]. By using a heterojunction bottom Si cell and optimized layer thicknesses, the PCE has been raised to 21.2% in 2016 [12]. After the caesium formamidinium lead halide perovskite was introduced in 2017, the record PCE further increased to 23.6% and also obtained good device stability [13].…”

Superacid-Treated Silicon Surfaces: Extending the Limit of Carrier Lifetime for Photovoltaic Applications

“…In order to expand future avenues for silicon PV research, such as silicon/perovskite tandems [9] and materials characterization, alternative silicon surface passivation methods which do not involve complex vacuum deposition systems are required. Room temperature solution-based organic passivation of silicon is an exciting area for modern PV architectures.…”