Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Sensitive and Rapid Voltammetric Determination of Phenothiazine and Azaphenothiazine Derivatives in Pharmaceuticals Using a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode

“…0.95 V is related with the irreversible oxidation of the phenothiazine derivative to the dication or, according to some authors, related to the formation of a sulfoxide. 2,20 In this step, the radical cation is irreversibly oxidized (by a loss of another electron) and phenothiazine ion is created. This ion is consequently easily hydrolyzed, resulting in the production of a sulfoxide.…”

“…Because of their physiological activity, they are classified as psychoactive drugs and widely applied in the treatment of mental diseases. 1,2 Phenothiazine derivatives have a tricyclic structure, with two rings of benzene connected with atoms of sulfur and nitrogen. One of the benzene rings can be replaced with pyridine.…”

Electrocatalysis of NADH oxidation using electrochemically activated fluphenazine on carbon nanotube electrode

“…One example of phenothiazine is fluphenazine (Flu; Scheme 1), which exhibits very interesting physicochemical properties. For instance, this compound can be easily oxidized chemically, electrochemically, enzymatically and photochemically [3].…”

“…This process proceeds in several one-electron stages forming colored oxidation products: free radicals and cations. The ultimate oxidation product was a colorless sulfoxide derivative [3,4]. Moreover, modified electrodes such as dodecanethiol self-assembled monolayers, carbon nanotubes/(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane bilayer or a polymeric membrane electrode [6,7] were also applied.…”

Biomimetic sensors of molecularly-imprinted polymers for chlorpromazine determination

“…Most of them imply optical-based methods, namely spectrophotometric [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], fluorimetric [18][19][20][21][22], and turbidimetric [23] procedures that regard several chemical transformations of CPZ. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] electrophoresis [34] voltammetric [11,[35][36][37],coloumetric [38], polarographic [39] and spectroelectrochemical [12] procedures have been reported as well.…”