Efficient planar heterojunction mixed-halide perovskite solar cells deposited via spray-deposition

Barrows, Alexander T.; Pearson, Andrew J.; Kwak, Chan Kyu; Dunbar, Alan D. F.; Buckley, Alastair; Lidzey, David G.

doi:10.1039/c4ee01546k

Cited by 704 publications

(624 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…4, 091508 (2016) with efficiencies of up to 11% in single step deposition was made possible by the optimization of processing parameters like substrate temperature, gas carrier, and annealing treatments. 35 PSCs fabricated with the spin coating process were still used as reference devices. Figure 3(a) shows a comparison between spray coated and spin coated perovskite cells.…”

Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production.

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Section: -6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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“…The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe uses two collinear undulators and zone plate optics to enable fluorescence analysis of major and minor elemental constituents in a focused beam down to 30 nm FWHM. 40 The zone plates used in this study achieved a 90 nm FWHM (see Figure S1 for details). The sub-100 nm beam, when stepped finely, can see even smaller features (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatially Heterogeneous Chlorine Incorporation in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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Spatial heterogeneities in the chemical makeup of thin film photovoltaic devices are pivotal in determining device efficiency. We report the in-plane spatial distribution and degree of chlorine incorporation in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers by means of non-destructive synchrotron-based nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence. The presence of chlorine is positively identified in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films synthesized with Cl-containing precursors and as an impurity in some films synthesized with nominally Cl-free precursors. The impurity may be introduced from precursors or as contaminants during film synthesis. The films formed from Cl-containing precursors contain roughly an order of magnitude higher amount of chlorine, with Cl:I values greater than 0.02 found whether Cl is present in either the organic or the inorganic precursor for both one-and two-step fabrication processes. A spatial variation in the Cl incorporation is observed within single particles and as well as between particles within a given film, and the standard deviation of the Cl:I ratio across the films is up to 30% of the average value. Understanding and controlling the heterogeneous distribution of chlorine in hybrid perovskite layers may offer a path to improve their photovoltaic performance.

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“…The annealing temperatures were directly raise to 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, or 130°C for OS direct annealing method. The annealing time for every temperature was 90 min, which was chosen according to the literature [26]. For the MS slow annealing method, the annealing temperature was raised from 30°C to 100°C, and the annealing times for 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C were both 5 min, for 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C were both 10 min, and the ultimate time was 90 min for 100°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing Process on CH₃NH₃PbI_3-XCl_X Film Morphology of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimal Compact TiO₂ Layer

Chen

Zou

Yang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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The morphology of compact TiO 2 film used as an electron-selective layer and perovskite film used as a light absorption layer in planar perovskite solar cells has a significant influence on the photovoltaic performance of the devices. In this paper, the spin coating speed of the compact TiO 2 is investigated in order to get a high-quality film and the compact TiO 2 film exhibits pinhole-and crack-free films treated by 2000 rpm for 60 s. Furthermore, the effect of annealing process, including annealing temperature and annealing program, on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-X Cl X film morphology is studied. At the optimal annealing temperature of 100°C, the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-X Cl X morphology fabricated by multistep slow annealing method has smaller grain boundaries and holes than that prepared by one-step direct annealing method, which results in the reduction of grain boundary recombination and the increase of Voc. With all optimal procedures, a planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate/compact TiO 2 / CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-X Cl X /Spiro-MeOTAD/Au cell is prepared for an active area of 0.1 cm 2 . It has achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.64%, which is 80.3% higher than the reference cell (8.12% PCE) without optimal perovskite layer. We anticipate that the annealing process with optimal compact TiO 2 layer would possibly become a promising method for future industrialization of planar perovskite solar cells.

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Efficient planar heterojunction mixed-halide perovskite solar cells deposited via spray-deposition

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells prepared via spray-deposition of the active layer have been realized, advancing this promising technology towards roll-to-roll compatible processing methods.

Cited by 704 publications

References 35 publications

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Spatially Heterogeneous Chlorine Incorporation in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Annealing Process on CH₃NH₃PbI_3-XCl_X Film Morphology of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimal Compact TiO₂ Layer

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Efficient planar heterojunction mixed-halide perovskite solar cells deposited via spray-deposition

Abstract: Perovskite solar cells prepared via spray-deposition of the active layer have been realized, advancing this promising technology towards roll-to-roll compatible processing methods.

Cited by 704 publications

References 35 publications

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Spatially Heterogeneous Chlorine Incorporation in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Annealing Process on CH3NH3PbI3-XClX Film Morphology of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimal Compact TiO2 Layer

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Effect of Annealing Process on CH₃NH₃PbI_3-XCl_X Film Morphology of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimal Compact TiO₂ Layer