Efficient polarization beam splitter pixels based on a dielectric metasurface

Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza; Zhu, Wenqi; Crozier, Kenneth B.

doi:10.1364/optica.2.000376

“…A detailed study of the intra-coupling (via near fi elds between the meta-atoms) in a meta-molecule is based on the geometrical distance between the meta-atoms [ 21 ] and the study of polarization control effects originating from coupling has also been executed. [ 22,23 ] Arbitrary manipulation of local and global polarization of output radiation has been a very important research hot spot that fi nds applications in holography, [24][25][26] beam splitter, [ 27 ] vector beam generation, [ 28 ] and polarization control. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In this work, we provide a new perspective of near-fi eld coupling where we demonstrate a passive switching of the near-fi eld inductive coupling induced excitation in orthogonally twisted meta-atoms where the coupling channel is switched on in one confi guration (MM1, See Figure 1) and switched off in another confi guration (MM2) without any change in the geometrical distance between the near-fi eld coupled meta-atoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Field Inductive Coupling Induced Polarization Control in Metasurfaces

Cong

¹

,

Srivastava

²

,

Singh

³

2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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wileyonlinelibrary.com COMMUNICATIONAs shown in Figure 1 , we fabricated several planar metamolecular arrays that consist of two orthogonal SRRs in each unit cell on a double-polished high resistivity silicon. The fabrication was performed using conventional photolithography, development, metallization, and lift-off processes (See the Experimental Section for details). All the SRRs are identical in size that are made up of aluminum and the geometrical parameters are shown in Figure 1 . The left and right SRRs in the meta-molecular unit cell are designated as SRR1 and SRR2, respectively. SRR1 and SRR2 are orthogonally twisted and the distance between them in the unit cell is constant at d = 3 µm to ensure that two SRRs are well within the near-fi eld coupling distance. [ 21 ] The SRR2 in MM1 and MM2 are rotated clockwise and anticlockwise, respectively by 90° relative to SRR1 in order to obtain the polarization dependent excitation of meta-atoms in the meta-molecule.In order to measure the response of MM1 and MM2, we employed an 8-f antenna-based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system [ 36 ] with a set of polarizers inserted in the measurement system to coherently measure the co-and crosspolarized transmission signals (See the Experimental Section for detail). [ 29 ] We obtained the time-domain waveforms and then converted them into frequency domain spectra with both amplitude and phase information using Fourier transform. The transmission amplitude spectra | ( )| t ji ω and the phase informa- ω is the complex transmitted reference signal, respectively. Here, the reference is an identical blank silicon substrate, and i and j represent the input and output polarization states. All the measurements were performed at normal incidence in dry nitrogen atmosphere. As shown in Figure 2 a,b, we exhibit the copolarized transmission spectra with x -polarized and y -polarized incidence, respectively. While comparing the response of MM1 and MM2 in Figure 2 a with x -polarized excitation where SRR1 is the directly excited meta-atom, a nonintuitive phenomenon occurs where MM1 and MM2 reveal disparate behaviors in the copolarized spectra. The mode interference spectrum of MM1 is commonly known due to the inductive coupling between SRR1 and SRR2 where the directly excited bright SRR1 induces the resonance in the unexcited SRR2 through a magnetic dipole that is defi ned as indirectly excited dark meta-atom. Surprisingly, we do not observe any spectral splitting in MM2 which indicates the absence of inductive coupling between SRR1 and SRR2. A similar orientation dependent coupling behavior is also revealed in Figure 2 b with y -polarized incidence where SRR2 is directly excited. The spectra with x -polarized and y -polarized incidence reveal the different response that originates from the anisotropy due to Metamaterials provide a distinct platform to manipulate the electromagnetic properties of artifi cially designed media for active and passive device functionalities, such as cloaking, [ 1 ] sensing, [ 2 ] perfect abs...

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“…

applied as beam splitters, [ 38,39 ] modulators, [ 40 ] and optical coatings for solar cells. [ 41 ] The effective manipulation of the zerothorder diffraction effi ciency in phase gratings is a key technique that enables application in designing high-performance optical elements.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tunable Dispersion‐Free Terahertz Metadevice with Pancharatnam–Berry‐Phase‐Enabled Modulation and Polarization Control

Cong

¹

,

Xu

²

,

Han

³

et al. 2015

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“…The unique properties and the development of fabrication techniques have allowed metasurfaces to be applied in various fields, such as flat optics [33][34][35], nonlinear effects [101][102][103][104][105][106][107], photonic Hall effects [108][109][110], electromagnetically-induced transparency [111], cloaking [112][113][114][115][116][117], etc., as shown in Figure 2. For instance, the applications of metasurfaces in the field of flat optics mainly include anomalous reflection/refraction [34,81,82], wave plates [79,80], flats lens/axicons [83][84][85], mirrors [88], hologram [90][91][92][93][94][95], filters [96], optical vortex generation [34,85,98,99], polarization beam splitter [100], etc. The applications of metasurfaces in the field of nonlinear effects mainly include second/third harmonic generation [102][103]…”

Section: Plasmonic Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several typical types of dielectric metasurfaces and previous relevant research are shown in Table 2: (1) a Er-doped Si-rich silicon nitride nano-pillar array is designed and fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching methods for enhanced omnidirectional light extraction and OAM beam generation [97]; (2) Si-based metasurfaces are designed and fabricated using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to possess sharp electromagnetically-induced transparency-like resonances in the near-infrared regime [111]; (3) silicon nanobeam antennas are designed and fabricated using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to generate Bessel beams [85]; (4) amorphous-silicon nanoridges are designed and fabricated using standard electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to realize polarization beam splitting at the pixel-level [100]; (5) silicon nanodiscs are designed and fabricated using chemical vapor deposition, electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching methods to achieve high …”

Section: Dielectric Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several typical types of dielectric metasurfaces and previous relevant research are shown in Table 2: (1) a Er-doped Si-rich silicon nitride nano-pillar array is designed and fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching methods for enhanced omnidirectional light extraction and OAM beam generation [97]; (2) Si-based metasurfaces are designed and fabricated using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to possess sharp electromagnetically-induced transparency-like resonances in the near-infrared regime [111]; (3) silicon nanobeam antennas are designed and fabricated using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to generate Bessel beams [85]; (4) amorphous-silicon nanoridges are designed and fabricated using standard electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to realize polarization beam splitting at the pixel-level [100]; (5) silicon nanodiscs are designed and fabricated using chemical vapor deposition, electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching methods to achieve high transmission and full phase control in visible wavelengths [125]; (6) a silicon cut-wire array in combination with a silver ground plane are designed and fabricated using chemical vapor deposition, electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to achieve high linear polarization conversion efficiency in the near-infrared band [126]; (7) the silicon nano-pillar array is designed and fabricated using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques to realize low loss micro-lenses in the near-infrared band [127]; (8) dielectric metasurface with a tailored phase gradient is designed to achieve carpet cloaking at microwave frequencies [128]. All of these previous works are based on manipulating the Mie responses of dielectric nano-particles by altering the dimensions, directions, arrangement of unit structures and even combining multiple resonators with different shapes.…”

Section: Dielectric Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmonic and Dielectric Metasurfaces: Design, Fabrication and Applications

Wang

¹

,

Du

²

2016

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Two-dimensional metasurfaces are widely focused on for their ability for flexible light manipulation (phase, amplitude, polarization) over sub-wavelength propagation distances. Most of the metasurfaces can be divided into two categories by the material type of unit structure, i.e., plasmonic metasurfaces and dielectric metasurfaces. For plasmonic metasurfaces, they are made on the basis of metallic meta-atoms whose optical responses are driven by the plasmon resonances supported by metallic particles. For dielectric metasurfaces, the unit structure is constructed with high refractive index dielectric resonators, such as silicon, germanium or tellurium, which can support electric and magnetic dipole responses based on Mie resonances. The responses of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces are all relevant to the characteristics of unit structure, such as dimensions and materials. One can manipulate the electromagnetic field of light wave scattered by the metasurfaces through designing the dimension parameters of each unit structure in the metasurfaces. In this review article, we give a brief overview of our recent progress in plasmonic and dielectric metasurface-assisted nanophotonic devices and their design, fabrication and applications, including the metasurface-based broadband and the selective generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying vector beams, N-fold OAM multicasting using a V-shaped antenna array, a metasurface on conventional optical fiber facet for linearly-polarized mode (LP 11 ) generation, graphene split-ring metasurface-assisted terahertz coherent perfect absorption, OAM beam generation using a nanophotonic dielectric metasurface array, as well as Bessel beam generation and OAM multicasting using a dielectric metasurface array. It is believed that metasurface-based nanophotonic devices are one of the devices with the most potential applied in various fields, such as beam steering, spatial light modulator, nanoscale-resolution imaging, sensing, quantum optics devices and even optical communication networks.

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Efficient polarization beam splitter pixels based on a dielectric metasurface

Cited by 142 publications

References 30 publications

Near‐Field Inductive Coupling Induced Polarization Control in Metasurfaces

Near‐Field Inductive Coupling Induced Polarization Control in Metasurfaces

A Tunable Dispersion‐Free Terahertz Metadevice with Pancharatnam–Berry‐Phase‐Enabled Modulation and Polarization Control

Plasmonic and Dielectric Metasurfaces: Design, Fabrication and Applications

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