Abstract:Poly(6‐(4,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N,N‐trimethylhexan‐1 aminium iodide) (PBTz‐TMAI) and poly(sodium 4‐(4,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐benzo[d] [1,2,3]triazol‐2‐yl)butane‐1‐sulfonate) (PBTz‐SO3Na) based on the same benzotriazole‐conjugated backbone but with ammonium and sulfonated side chains are designed and synthesized through side‐chain functionalization and Yamamoto polymerization, respectively, and are used as the cathode interlayers in fullerene‐ and non‐fullerene‐based polymer solar cells. The inter… Show more
“…These reactions have outstanding advantages in the synthesis of conjugated polymers. Through the bifunctional design of monomers, reactions including Kumada coupling, 36 Heck coupling, 37 Negishi coupling, 38 Stille coupling, 39 Suzuki coupling 40 (Figure 15), Yamamoto reaction 41 (Figure 14) and (Figure 15), and Ullmann reaction 42 (Figure 16). have been successfully used in the synthesis of conjugated polymers because of their mild conditions and high efficiency.…”
Section: Cc Single Bonds Disconnectionsmentioning
The disconnection approach, a widely utilized method of design synthesis route, has played crucial roles in contemporary organic chemistry for decades. Here, we provide an introduction to the construction of polymer main chains. The implementation of the strategy hinges on determining where to disconnect based on the successful polymerization reaction in order to infer a suitable monomer. By investigating specific covalent bonds and structures in polymers, several specific linkers are highlighted to demonstrate how to design and synthesize polymer main chains using reverse thinking, thus inspiring those in polymer synthesis.
“…These reactions have outstanding advantages in the synthesis of conjugated polymers. Through the bifunctional design of monomers, reactions including Kumada coupling, 36 Heck coupling, 37 Negishi coupling, 38 Stille coupling, 39 Suzuki coupling 40 (Figure 15), Yamamoto reaction 41 (Figure 14) and (Figure 15), and Ullmann reaction 42 (Figure 16). have been successfully used in the synthesis of conjugated polymers because of their mild conditions and high efficiency.…”
Section: Cc Single Bonds Disconnectionsmentioning
The disconnection approach, a widely utilized method of design synthesis route, has played crucial roles in contemporary organic chemistry for decades. Here, we provide an introduction to the construction of polymer main chains. The implementation of the strategy hinges on determining where to disconnect based on the successful polymerization reaction in order to infer a suitable monomer. By investigating specific covalent bonds and structures in polymers, several specific linkers are highlighted to demonstrate how to design and synthesize polymer main chains using reverse thinking, thus inspiring those in polymer synthesis.
“…This reaction can be used as a typical strategy in direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP), 123 which can avoid the preparation of organometallic derivatives and reduce the overall production cost of conjugated polymers. Recently, Jun Zhang 124 reported the preparation of poly(6-(4,7-dimethyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1 aminium iodide) (PBTz-TMAI) and poly(sodium 4-(4,7-dimethyl-2H-benzo[d] [1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)butane-1-sulfonate) (PBTz-SO 3 Na). They were mainly synthesized by side-chain functionalization and Yamamoto polymerization (Figure 21), respectively, which can be used as the cathode interlayers in fullerene- and non-fullerene-based polymer solar cells.Figure 21.The synthesis of PBZ-TMAI via Yamamoto reaction.…”
“…They were mainly synthesized by side-chain functionalization and Yamamoto polymerization (Figure 21), respectively, which can be used as the cathode interlayers in fullerene- and non-fullerene-based polymer solar cells.Figure 21.The synthesis of PBZ-TMAI via Yamamoto reaction. 124 …”
With the development of polymer science, more and more named reactions have been applied to synthesizing polymers. Introducing new reactions into polymer synthesis is undoubtedly an excellent expansion for monomer and polymer libraries. In this review, the named reactions employed in polymer-chain synthesis were divided into seven types: electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions, transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, free radical reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions and rearrangement reactions. The discussion was mainly focused on the progress in the utilization of these named reactions in polymer synthesis, which could be a valuable reference for researchers in the polymer field.
layer materials, device structures, and the interfacial engineering. [3-9] Especially beneficial from the concept of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) in photoactive materials consisting of donor and acceptor, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPV cells has approached about 15∼17% for single junction and tandem devices, respectively. [10-18] Currently, for material and chemistry researchers, most works have been focused on the design of molecular structures of the polymer donor and the small molecular acceptor because undoubtedly they show most contributions to the device efficiency and its final cost. [19-27] Therefore, the simplification of synthetic routes of high-performance polymer donor is required for industrial scale production of OPV technology. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is a good polymer donor candidate for low-cost modules fabrications. However, its inferior PCE limits its potential application value. [28,29] In the meantime, the reported polymers with high PCEs over 14% are all based on benzodithiophene (BDT) containing building block. [10,30-34] The advantages of high planar structure and extended Π-conjugated degree of BDT unit exhibit its merits in high charge mobility and high PCE. [35-37] Specially, the fluorination of conjugated side chains on BDT based polymer cause closer interchains interactions and more crystalline properties and subsequently high mobility and PCE. [22,38] However, just like a coin has its two sides, the complicated synthetic routes and high material cost of the fluorination of BDT-based polymer hamper the widespread commercial application of OPVs. [39] In considering the importance of polymer materials and the urgency of OPVs commercialization, a satisfaction in efficiency and cost is becoming a tremendous challenge for polymeric structure design. In previous works, most of them focus on designing and synthesizing highly efficient photovoltaic polymer donor without further considering synthetic cost. Chen and Brabec et al. independently have comments on the importance on low cost and high efficiency. [40,41] Currently, only a few groups have realized the problem and have developed some more convenient synthetic strategies to fulfill the target polymer with cost efficiency and high performance. For example, Hou et al. developed a chlorination of conjugated side Low synthetic cost and high performance are becoming a new challenge in designing polymer donors for large-scaled polymer solar cells (PSCs) fabrication; however, complicated synthetic routes and high material costs hamper the widespread commercial application of OPVs. Here, a simple and low-cost chemical steric effect (SE) is introduced to BDT-based side chains. Through adjusting alkyl side chains, the polymeric crystallinity and miscibility are rebalanced and subsequently the photovoltaic device based on the metapositioned alkyl polymer outperforms its para-positioned counterpart. The champion device based on the polymer with the meta-positioned side chains affords a PCE of 14.53% without sacrificing its...
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