Efficient Removal of Organic Dyes from Water by β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Graphite Carbon Nitride Composite

Abstract

To develop a high efficient organic wastewater treatment material with the advantages of quick separation of pollutants and low environmental impact, this work reported a novel β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) functionalized g‐C3N4 composite (β‐CD/g‐C3N4) with integration of dual‐function of microfiltration and visible‐light driven photocatalytic degradation. The organic dye removal performance of the β‐CD/g‐C3N4 composite was investigated using methyl blue (MB) as a target pollutant for the first time. Furthermore, the mechanism of photocatalytic activity enhancement for the β‐CD/g‐C3N4 composite wasalso probed. The β‐CD/g‐C3N4 composite exhibited a significantly enlarged adsorption capacity and enhanced visible‐light driven photocatalytic activity in degrading MB compared with the pristine g‐C3N4 solely. Importantly, the β‐CD/g‐C3N4 composite filter membrane could be large‐scale prepared and recycled several times with no loss in microfiltration and photodegradation performances. This work gives insight to the effective integration of microfiltration and photodegradation for the improvement of performance in organic wastewater treatment.

Synthesis and applications of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based membranes for wastewater treatment: A critical review

“… Membrane substrate Membrane Fabrication method Pollutant Concentration (mgL −1 ) Radiations Performance (Rate: %) Ref. PAN PAN/Protonated GCNS Vacuum filtration, dip coating MB 200 Visible light Rejection 99.83% [ 44 ] CCP GCNS/CCP Chemical vapor deposition, plasma treatment 10 Xe lamp, λ >400 nm Removal 60% [ 56 ] AAO GCNS Vacuum filtration 16 Mercury lamp, λ > 400 nm 100% [ 71 ] CA CA/β-CD/GCNS 6.4 Visible light 99.7% [ 69 ] PTFE TiO 2 /PAA/PTFE Plasma-enhanced surface graft, self-assembly 10 Xe lamp, λ >400 nm Degradation 40% [ 10 ] g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /PAA/PTFE 78% PVDF PVDF/GCNS / RhB 5 …”

“…On the other hand, 30 min of visible-light irradiation may accelerate membrane fouling. Later research discovered that following a period of visible-light irradiation, contaminated membrane separation efficacy may be recovered [ 44 , 69 ]. Using a simple filtration of GCNS onto porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrates, Li et al built PAN membrane surfaces having self-cleaning and antibacterial characteristics.…”

Removing of Direct Red 83:1 using α- and HP-α-CDs polymerized with epichlorohydrin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

“…Phenolphthalein β-CDs-GNS 468 [28] Methylene Blue Rhodamine B β-CDs-AH 333 250 [29] Methylene Blue β-CDs-CA 105 [30] Malachite Green β-CDs-EPI-CMC 91.9 [31] Methylene Blue β-CDs-CA-WF 86.2 [32] Methyl Orange GO-IPDI-CDs 83.4 [33] Basic Fuchsin β-CDs-CMC-GO 58.6 [34] Basic Blue 9 β-CDs-EPI-CMC 56.5 [35] Methyl Blue β-CDs/g-C3N4 47.6 [36] Congo Red β-CDs-HMDI 36.2 [37] Reactive dyes CDs-MIPs 35 [38] Direct Red 83: Phenolphthalein Cellulose-EPI 16.9 [11] 2-chlorophenol β-CDs-CS 14.5 [41] Evans Blue β-CDs-HMDI 10.5 [42] Brilliant Yellow HP-β-CDs-CS 8.8 [43] The best form to compare the adsorption capacity of different polymers is to evaluate the qmax parameter obtained with the Langmuir isotherm. The deep revision of the literature of different CD-polymers could be observed in Table 6.…”

Surface‐Engineered Hollow Polymer Spheres for Efficient Enrichment and Photodegradation of Aqueous Organic Wastes

“…Currently, much attention has been paid to semiconductor photocatalysis for waste water treatment owing to its great potential and high efficiency by using light to degrade organic pollutants . Therefore, developing light‐responsive photocatalysts for water treatment has aroused a lot of interest in past few years, such as simple oxides, sulfides, complex oxides and polymers . Among various semiconductors, Bismuth oxyhalides, especially the composites BiOI x Cl 1‐x , are gaining an increasing attention as promising visible light driven photocatalysts due to longer life time of charge carriers and higher redox abilities for pollutants degradation .…”