Direct
propylene epoxidation with molecular oxygen is a dream reaction
with 100% atom economy, but aerobic epoxidation is challenging because
of the undesired over-oxidation and isomerization of epoxide products.
Herein, we report the construction of uniform cobalt ions confined
in faujasite zeolite, namely, Co@Y, which exhibits unprecedented catalytic
performance in the aerobic epoxidation of propylene. Propylene conversion
of 24.6% is achieved at propylene oxide selectivity of 57% at 773
K, giving a state-of-the-art propylene oxide production rate of 4.7
mmol/gcat/h. The catalytic performance of Co@Y is very
stable, and no activity loss can be observed for over 200 h. Spectroscopic
analyses reveal the details of molecular oxygen activation on isolated
cobalt ions, followed by interaction with propylene to produce epoxide,
in which the Co2+–Coδ+–Co2+ (2 < δ < 3) redox cycle is involved. The reaction
pathway of propylene oxide and byproduct acrolein formation from propylene
epoxidation is investigated by density functional theory calculations,
and the unique catalytic performance of Co@Y is interpreted. This
work presents an explicit example of constructing specific transition-metal
ions within the zeolite matrix toward selective catalytic oxidations.