Efficient Single-Photon Sources Based on Low-Density Quantum Dots in Photonic-Crystal Nanocavities

Chang, Wen‐Hao; Chen, Wen Yen; Chang, Hsiang-Szu; Hsieh, Ting-Yen; Chyi, Jen Inn; Hsu, T. M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.117401

Cited by 264 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fundamental mode (denoted M1) occurs at a wavelength of 1380 nm and has a Q of 7,000. In addition to the mode, we observe several higher order modes ( The high Q value of mode M1 enables strong interactions and a large Purcell effect [35,36].However the collected emission from this mode is very weak due to the poor directionality of it's far-field pattern as shown in Fig. 2(c) [37].…”

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confidence: 89%

Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths

Kim

Cai

Richardson

et al. 2016

Optica

131

112

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Long-distance quantum communication relies on the ability to efficiently generate and prepare single photons at telecom wavelengths. In many applications these photons must also be indistinguishable such that they exhibit interference on a beamsplitter, which implements effective photon-photon interactions. However, deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons with high brightness remains a challenging problem. We demonstrate two-photon interference at telecom wavelengths using an InAs/InP quantum dot in a nanophotonic cavity. The cavity enhances the quantum dot emission, resulting in a nearly Gaussian transverse mode profile with high out-coupling efficiency exceeding 36% after multi-photon correction. We also observe Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate up to 4. Using this source, we generate linearly polarized, high purity single photons at 1.3 μm wavelength and demonstrate the indistinguishable nature of the emission using a two-photon interference measurement, which exhibits indistinguishable visibilities of 18% without post-selection and 67% with post-selection. Our results provide a promising approach to generate bright, deterministic single photons at telecom wavelength for applications in quantum networking and quantum communication.* Email: edowaks@umd.edu 2 Single photon sources are important building blocks for optical quantum information processing [1][2][3][4]. They are essential to generate photonic quantum bits (qubits) that can travel long distances over optical fibers and interconnect distant quantum network nodes [5][6][7]. Efficient on-demand single photon sources also enable quantum computation schemes based on either linear [3, 4] or nonlinear [8] optical elements.Many applications in quantum communication require deterministic single-photon sources that emit at telecom wavelengths. Parametric down-conversion sources can operate in this wavelength range [9, 10] but provide only heralded single-photon states and cannot be easily extended to ondemand operation. In contrast, single quantum emitters provide the potential for creating ondemand single-photon sources [11, 12]. Quantum dots in III-V semiconductors are particularly promising quantum emitters that generate single photons with high indistinguishability at nearinfrared wavelengths [13][14][15][16][17][18], and are also compatible with electrical injection [19,20] and integration with nanophotonic structures [21][22][23][24]. A number of works have extended the emission of III-V quantum dots to telecom wavelengths by optimizing materials and growth parameters [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, an on-demand source of indistinguishable single photons remains an outstanding challenge at telecom wavelength.In this work, we demonstrate two-photon interference from a bright single photon source at telecom wavelengths. We use a single InAs/InP quantum dot in a photonic crystal cavity to attain bright and highly polarized single-photon emission at telecom wavelengths. Rather than using the fundamental mode of the ca...

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confidence: 89%

Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths

Kim

Cai

Richardson

et al. 2016

Optica

131

112

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“…From a practical perspective, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [15,16] offer an attractive material system for emitting single photons. In part due to new design insights, and due to continued improvements in semiconductor fabrication technologies, many pioneering experiments using single QD-emitted photons are now coming to the fore.…”

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confidence: 99%

On‐chip single photon sources using planar photonic crystals and single quantum dots

Yao

Rao

Hughes³

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

157

184

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We review the basic light-matter interactions and optical properties of chip-based single photon sources, that are enabled by integrating single quantum dots with planar photonic crystals. A theoretical framework is presented that allows one to connect to a wide range of quantum light propagation effects in a physically intuitive and straightforward way. We focus on the important mechanisms of enhanced spontaneous emission, and efficient photon extraction, using all-integrated photonic crystal components including waveguides, cavities, quantum dots and output couplers. The limitations, challenges, and exciting prospects of developing on-chip quantum light sources using integrated photonic crystal structures are discussed.A sequence of optical pulses (top right) interacting with a single quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal system, resulting in the emission of a train of single photons on-chip.

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“…Cavities introduced into the photonic crystal can have extremely high Q/V mode ratios, and therefore can enable large Purcell factors. So far, such nanocavities have been used for cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) experiments 4-12 such as SE rate enhancement 4,5,9-11 and suppression 4 , and also for single-photon sources 4,12 and lower-threshold lasers [13][14][15][16][17] . Here, we demonstrate extremely fast photonic crystal nanocavity lasers with response times below the 2 ps detection limit of our measurement apparatus.…”

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Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser

2006

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Spontaneous emission is not inherent to an emitter, but rather depends on its electromagnetic environment. In a microcavity, the spontaneous emission rate can be greatly enhanced compared with that in free space. This T he spontaneous emission (SE) rate in a microcavity is enhanced by the Purcell factor 1 (F), proportional to the ratio of the cavity quality factor (Q) to mode volume (V mode ). Until now, the advantages of large SE rate enhancement have not been fully explored in lasers because of their large mode volumes. Thus, their SE properties have been dictated by the intrinsic radiative lifetime of the bulk material. With the recent advances in semiconductor fabrication and crystal growth, it has become possible to produce high-quality photonic crystals. These are structures of alternating refractive index 2,3 that provide unprecedented control over the electromagnetic environment. Cavities introduced into the photonic crystal can have extremely high Q/V mode ratios, and therefore can enable large Purcell factors. So far, such nanocavities have been used for cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) experiments 4-12 such as SE rate enhancement 4,5,9-11 and suppression 4 , and also for single-photon sources 4,12 and lower-threshold lasers [13][14][15][16][17] . Here, we demonstrate extremely fast photonic crystal nanocavity lasers with response times below the 2 ps detection limit of our measurement apparatus. The turn-on delay times are measured as near 1 ps, more than an order of magnitude faster than previous measurements 18,19 .There are two important laser modulation schemes: smalland large-signal modulation. We analyse the laser dynamics by solving the laser rate equations 20 for photon and carrier densities. Communication systems use both small-and largesignal modulation [20][21][22] . In the small-signal regime, the laser is driven with an above-threshold d.c. pump power L in,0 and modulated with a small time-varying (a.c.) signal L in . The carrier and photon densities follow the pump with d.c. and a.c. components N 0 + N and P 0 + P, respectively. The modulation response is given by P/ N. At low d.c. driving power above threshold, the bandwidth of the laser is limited by the relaxation oscillation frequency:

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Efficient Single-Photon Sources Based on Low-Density Quantum Dots in Photonic-Crystal Nanocavities

Cited by 264 publications

References 25 publications

Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths

Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths

On‐chip single photon sources using planar photonic crystals and single quantum dots

Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser

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