Efficient synthesis of graphene sheets using pyrrole as a reducing agent

Amarnath, Chellachamy Anbalagan; Hong, Chang Eui; Kim, Nam Hoon; Ku, Bon‐Cheol; Kuila, Tapas; Lee, Joong Hee

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.04.048

Cited by 209 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Addition of H 2 occurs across the alkenes, coupled with the extrusion of nitrogen gas, large excess of NaBH 4 have been used as a reducing agent [102]. Other reducing agents used include phenyl hydrazine [103], hydroxylamine [104], glucose, [105] ascorbic acid [106], hydroquinone [107], alkaline solutions [108], and pyrrole [109]. GO was formed by the chemical reaction between organic isocyanates and the hydroxyl is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Reduction Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene

et al. 2016

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Graphene, a two-dimensional material of sp 2 hybridization carbon atoms, has fascinated much attention in recent years owing to its extraordinary electronic, optical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as large specific surface area. For the tremendous application of graphene in nano-electronics, it is essential to fabricate high-quality graphene in large production. There are different methods of generating graphene. This review summarizes the exfoliation of graphene by mechanical, chemical and thermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition and mentions their advantages and disadvantages. This article also indicates recent advances in controllable synthesis of graphene, illuminates the problems, and prospects the future development in this field.

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Section: Reduction Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene

et al. 2016

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“…However, a reduction step is required to convert the graphene oxide into graphene. Chemical reduction was commonly used and this was achieved with hydrazine and/or its derivatives [6][7][8][9][10][11] , hydroquinone 12 , NaBH 4 13-16 , sodium hydrosulfite 17 , L-ascorbic acid [18][19][20] , amino acid 20 , carrot root 21 , pyrrole 22 , and thiourea 23 as the typical reductants. The so-called thermal reduction 24 , microwave irradiation reduction 25 , and electrochemical reduction 26 were also applied to this procedure.…”

Section: Methods Such As Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd) Of Hydrocarbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiourea Dioxide as a Green Reductant for the Mass Production of Solution-Based Graphene

Wang

Sun

Fugetsu

2012

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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Mass production of solution-based graphene derived from the precursor graphene oxide is a challenging step toward achieving industrialization of graphene. Inspired by a classical reducing method performed in the textile and paper making industries, we report here a rapid, cost-effective and safer approach to the facile production of graphene that employs thiourea dioxide (TDO) as the green reductant. Graphene oxide was converted into high quality graphene within 30 minutes with TDO as the reductant under moderate reaction conditions. The C/O ratio of the TDO reduced graphene was ~5.9 with the yield of graphene from graphene oxide > 99%. This is better than the reduction efficiency under the identical experimental conditions by using L-ascorbic acid as the reductant which required a reaction time of about 48 hours. This simple and effective procedure should offer an alternative route to the mass production of solution-based graphene for practical applications.

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“…Due to the attached oxygen functional groups, GO is electrically insulating and various reduction methods have been developed to restore its electrical conductivity [31][32][33]. Once GO is exfoliated chemical reduction [34] may occur by using agents such as hydrazine [35], pyrrole [18], urea [36], hydroquinone [37], NaBH 4 [38] and Na 2 CO 3 [39]. On the other hand, thermal expansion of GO represents one of the most attractive approaches, because it is straight forward, has high efficiency and high degree of exfoliation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these strategies are included top down approaches: a) micromechanical cleavage of graphite [10][11], b) unzipping of carbon nanotubes [12][13][14], c) liquid-phase exfoliation [15][16][17], d) exfoliation and reduction of graphite oxide [18][19][20][21], bottom-up chemical synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [22][23] as well as chemical vapor deposition synthesis of graphenes [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%