Synthesis of graphene

Bhuyan, Md. Sajibul Alam; Uddin, Md. Nizam; Islam, Md. Maksudul; Bipasha, Ferdaushi Alam; Hossain, Sayed Shafayat

doi:10.1007/s40089-015-0176-1

Cited by 604 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Its laboratories and universities harbored the earliest and most fundamental research, but science is a phenomenon of ramification, sooner or later. Unlike China (though similarly to the United States), Europe invested much effort in developing production/elaboration techniques for the raw material, introducing synthesis, and manufacturing procedures (Bhuyan et al, 2016) (see cluster 3, Technology and Devices). Once the production had been controlled, during the Fast and Consolidated developmental periods, efforts could be devoted to more applied subject areas (mainly clusters 2, 4, 5, and 7).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Visualization of the Intellectual Structure in Graphene Research

Vargas-Quesada

Chinchilla‐Rodríguez

Rodríguez

2017

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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Since the discovery of the promising properties of graphene, research in the field has attracted numerous grants and sponsors, leading to an exponential rise in the number of papers and applications. This article presents a global map of graphene research and its intellectual structure, drawn using the terms of more than 50,000 documents extracted from Scopus database, years 1998-2015. The unit of analysis consisted of descriptors (including Author Keywords and Indexed Keywords), with the co-occurrence of descriptor as the unit of measure, using fractional counting. The main research lines identified are: Fundamental Research, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications, Technology and Devices, Materials Science, Energy Storage, Optics and Chemical Properties and Sensors. Using overlay maps, we depict the graphene research efforts of the United States, the European Union (Europe-28), and China, and project their evolution through longitudinal maps to facilitate comparison. The United States was initially at the head of world output in graphene research, but was surpassed by China in 2011 and by Europe in 2014, as a result of their respective scientific policies and financial support. The output of China has since been so intense that it can be said to mark graphene research trends. We believe this information may be valuable for the core community involved in this scientific field, as it offers a large-scale analysis showing how research has changed over time. It is therefore also helpful for policy makers and research planners. The resulting maps are a useful and attractive tool for the graphene research community, as they reveal the main lines of exploration at a glance. The methodology described here could be re-created in any other field of science to uncover and display its intellectual structure and evolution over time.

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Visualization of the Intellectual Structure in Graphene Research

Vargas-Quesada

Chinchilla‐Rodríguez

Rodríguez

2017

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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“…There exists more than 10 methods for graphene preparation with their main differences encountered in the precursor material and in the quantity, the quality, and the size of the produced crystals (Avouris and Dimitrakopoulos, 2012). Graphene production methods are generally categorized in top-down and bottom-up approaches (Bhuyan et al, 2016) and include mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation, chemical synthesis, epitaxial growth, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (Bonaccorso et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Graphene Oxide and Single Layer Graphene Flakes—Defects Annealing and Healing

et al. 2018

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Graphene has outstanding properties that make it an auspicious material for many applications. This work presents the production of graphene oxide (GO) via the Langmuir-Blodgett process and the subsequent restoration of single layer graphene flakes (SLGF) via the chemical reduction, and thermal annealing of the GO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical images were used to evaluate the morphology and surface coverage of the substrate with GO flakes. Through this technique, smooth dispersion, controllable development, and population of the GO single flakes on the Si substrate without size limitation have been achieved. The height distribution of the GO was monitored after each processing step by AFM measurements. Additionally, the effects of each process on the structure of the samples was systematically studied via 2D Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) mapping. The determination of the layer number on each graphene flake was accomplished by monitoring the observed Raman shifts as a function of the position and confirmed via AFM measurements. The spectroscopic analysis of the single flakes was performed in order to study their topography and identify their quality as a function of the processing steps. Via the topographic 2D analysis of both the first-and second-order vibrational modes as a function of the position on the crystal, the degree of graphitization and/or the presence of defects, as well as the presence of internal stresses were mapped. Such a systematic determination of the effects of reduction and annealing on the structure of single layer graphene from reduced GO produced via the Langmuir-Blodgett process is reported for the first time in literature.

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“…This is most likely due to limitations in the availability of large-scale high-quality graphene and due to the challenge related to the transfer of graphene powders to the substrate/device location, which results in a difficult fabrication process. Numerous methods have been reported for the synthesis of graphene-like materials from gaseous, solid, and liquid precursors [12,13]. Over recent years, the synthesis of graphenes from carbides has attracted increased attention [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Encapsulated Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites for High and Low Power Energy Storage Applications

Martínez‐Periñán

Foster

Down

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this paper, a graphene decorated SiC nanomaterial (graphene@SiC) fabricated via a facile adiabatic process was physicochemically characterised, then applied as a supercapacitor material and as an anode within a Li-ion battery (LIB). The reported graphene@SiC nanomaterial demonstrated excellent supercapacitative behaviour with a relatively high power density and specific capacitance of 4800 W·kg −1 and 394 F·g −1 , respectively. In terms of its capabilities as an anode within an LIB, the layered-graphene overwhelms the Li-intercalation, which is reflected in the obtained specific capacity of 150 mAh·g −1 , with a columbic efficiency of~99% (after 450 cycles) at a current of 100 mA·g −1 .

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Synthesis of graphene

Cited by 604 publications

References 178 publications

Identification and Visualization of the Intellectual Structure in Graphene Research

Identification and Visualization of the Intellectual Structure in Graphene Research

Mapping of Graphene Oxide and Single Layer Graphene Flakes—Defects Annealing and Healing

Graphene Encapsulated Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites for High and Low Power Energy Storage Applications

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