Efficient transformation of Mycosphaerella fijiensis by underwater shock waves

Progress in understanding Pseudocercospora banana pathogens and the development of resistant Musa germplasm

“…These transformation protocols have led to better understanding of the infection process of Pseudocercospora banana pathogens in both susceptible and resistant banana germplasm through the use of tagged fluorescent markers. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the pathogens are hemibiotrophic (Balint‐Kurti et al ., ; Portal et al ., ; Escobar‐Tovar et al ., ). Recently, Onyilo et al .…”

“…Currently, several transformation systems for P. fijiensis, P. musae and P. eumusae using polyethylene glycol, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and underwater shock waves exist Donzelli & Churchill, 2003;Portal et al, 2012;Escobar-Tovar et al, 2015;Onyilo et al, 2017). These transformation protocols have led to better understanding of the infection process of Pseudocercospora banana pathogens in both susceptible and resistant banana germplasm through the use of tagged fluorescent markers.…”

“…These transformation protocols have led to better understanding of the infection process of Pseudocercospora banana pathogens in both susceptible and resistant banana germplasm through the use of tagged fluorescent markers. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the pathogens are hemibiotrophic Portal et al, 2012;Escobar-Tovar et al, 2015). Recently, Onyilo et al (2017) demonstrated that silencing of a gene (PfHog1) responsible for the P. fijiensis mitogen-activated protein kinase known as P. fijiensis high osmolarity glycerol significantly suppressed growth of P. fijiensis on potato dextrose agar media supplemented with 1 M NaCl.…”

“…Development of Musa germplasm with resistance to Pseudocercospora banana pathogens has been a focus of several breeding programmes since 1922 (Jones, 2000). Results from the breeding efforts have shown that Pseudocercospora banana pathogens appear to have evolved different virulence abilities against banana, sometimes leading to breakdown in resistance in well-characterized germplasm (Fullerton & Olsen, 1995;Escobar-Tovar et al, 2015). These reports confirm that major gene resistance, as proposed in the gene-for-gene resistance model by Flor (1946), is unlikely to be a long-term solution against Pseudocercospora banana pathogens.…”

Effect of Shock Waves on the Growth of Aspergillus niger Conidia: Evaluation of Germination and Preliminary Study on Gene Expression

“…Underwater shock-wave-induced transformation of fungi has proven to be an option to solve these difficulties [23][24][25][26][27][28]. During the transformation of filamentous fungi, acoustic cavitation is believed to be the main phenomenon acting on the cell walls [25,29,30]; however, little is known about the details of the mechanisms involved.…”