“…Research interests in heuristic search algorithms with underpinnings in natural and physical processes began in the 1970s, when Holland [10] proposed GA. GA generates a sequence of populations using a selection mechanism, and applies crossover and mutation as search mechanisms. It has demonstrated considerable success in providing good solutions to many complex optimization problems [18,26], such as capital budgeting, vehicle routing problem, critical path problem, parallel machine scheduling, redundancy optimization, open inventory network etc. The advantage of GA is due to its ability to obtain a global optimal solution fairly in a multidimensional search landscape, which has several locally optimal solutions as well.…”