Efficient View Management for Dynamic Annotation Placement in Virtual Landscapes

Maass, Stefan; Döllner, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/11795018_1

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The performance of some approaches does not scale well [3,26,22]. Finally, some algorithms only allow axis-aligned annotations [3,18,16,21,26,22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, the performance of this method does not scale well and labels can only be approximated by axis-aligned rectangles. A simpler approach from Maass and Döllner [16] splits the screen space into disjoint vertical slots. Therein, labels are stacked sorted by their distance to the viewer.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several real-time algorithms suffer from visual frame-to-frame discontinuities and create too much movement in the labeling layout [16,26]. Others only follow a minor set of Imhof's cartographic principles [6,15,16] or exhibit an unstructured layout [6,16,22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes

Vaaraniemi

Treib

Westermann

2012

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Applications

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The augmentation of objects by textual annotations provides a powerful means for visual data exploration. Especially in interactive scenarios, where the view on the objects and, thus, the preferred placement of annotations changes continually, efficient labeling procedures are required. As identified by a preliminary study for this paper, these procedures have to consider a number of requirements for achieving an optimal readability, e.g. cartographic principles, visual association and temporal coherence. In this paper, we present a force-based labeling algorithm for 2D and 3D scenes, which can compute the placements of annotations at very high speed and fulfills the identified requirements. The efficient labeling of several hundred annotations is achieved by computing their layout in parallel on the GPU. This allows for a real-time and collision-free arrangement of both dynamically changing and static information. We demonstrate that our method supports a large variety of applications, e.g. geographical information systems, automotive navigation systems, and scientific or information visualization systems. We conclude the paper with an expert study which confirms the enhancements brought by our algorithm with respect to visual association and readability.

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“…The performance of some approaches does not scale well [3,26,22]. Finally, some algorithms only allow axis-aligned annotations [3,18,16,21,26,22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes

Vaaraniemi

Treib

Westermann

2012

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Applications

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show abstract

“…This technique is commonplace in, for example, cartography [6,27], ATC radar displays [5,16], and scientific illustration [9,10]. This technique is, however, not constrained to 2D user interfaces; many 3D systems including MR and AR implementations utilize the same approach on the 2D view plane projection of the 3D scene [2,3,4,19,22,23,28]. This approach is often successful in avoiding label overlaps and thereby reducing clutter; however, if the user or the observed objects are non-stationary, the approach introduces 2D screen motion since labels rearrange according to the optimal label layout over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Label segregation by remapping stereoscopic depth in far-field augmented reality

Peterson

Axholt

Ellis

2008

2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality

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This paper describes a novel technique for segregating overlapping labels in stereoscopic see-through displays. The present study investigates the labeling of far-field objects, with distances ranging 100-120 m. At these distances the stereoscopic disparity difference between objects is below 1 arcmin, so labels rendered at the same distance as their corresponding objects appear as if on a flat layer in the display. This flattening is due to limitations of both display and human visual resolution. By remapping labels to predetermined depth layers on the optical path between the observer and the labeled object, an interlayer disparity ranging from 5 to 20 arcmin can be achieved for 5 overlapping labels. The present study evaluates the impact of such depth separation of superimposed layers, and found that a 5 arcmin interlayer disparity yields a significantly lower response time, over 20% on average, in a visual search task compared to correctly registering labels and objects in depth. Notably the performance does not improve when doubling the interlayer disparity to 10 arcmin and, surprisingly, the performance degrades significantly when again doubling the interlayer disparity to 20 arcmin, approximating the performance in situations with no interlayer disparity. These results confirm that our technique can be used to segregate overlapping labels in the far visual field, without the cost associated with traditional label placement algorithms.

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“…Apart from the results based on the consistency model of Been et al [1], other approaches and models are considered, too. Maass et al [17] describe a view management system for interactive three-dimensional maps of cities also considering label placement. Mote [20] presents a fast label placement strategy without a preprocessing phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Model and Algorithms for Temporal Map Labeling

2020

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We consider map labeling for the case that a map undergoes a sequence of operations such as rotation, zoom and translation over a specified time span. We unify and generalize several previous models for dynamic map labeling into one versatile and flexible model. In contrast to previous research, we completely abstract from the particular operations and express the labeling problem as a set of time intervals representing the labels' presences, activities and conflicts. One of the model's strength is manifested in its simplicity and broad range of applications. In particular, it supports label selection both for map features with fixed position as well as for moving entities (e.g., for tracking vehicles in logistics or air traffic control). We study the active range maximization problem in this model. We prove that the problem is NPcomplete and W[1]-hard, and present constant-factor approximation algorithms. In the restricted, yet practically relevant case that no more than k labels can be active at any time, we give polynomial-time algorithms as well as constant-factor approximation algorithms.

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Efficient View Management for Dynamic Annotation Placement in Virtual Landscapes

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes

Temporally coherent real-time labeling of dynamic scenes

Label segregation by remapping stereoscopic depth in far-field augmented reality

A Unified Model and Algorithms for Temporal Map Labeling

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