Eicosanoids and Eosinophilic Inflammation of Airways in Stable COPD

Abstract

Purpose: Lipid mediators, particularly eicosanoids, are associated with airway inflammation, especially with the eosinophilic influx. This study aimed to measure lipid mediators and cells in induced sputum, that could possibly reflect the inflammatory process in the bronchial tree of COPD subjects. Patients and Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with COPD and 37 healthy controls participated in the study. Induced sputum samples were ascertained for differential cell count and induced sputum supernatant concentrations of selected eicosanoids by the means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Increased sputum eosinophilia was associated with higher concentrations of selected proinflammatory eicosanoids. In COPD subjects prostaglandin D 2 and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 correlated negatively with airway obstruction measured by FEV 1 and FEV 1 /FVC values. COPD subjects with disease exacerbations during past 12 months had significantly higher concentrations of prostaglandin D 2 , 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid. Conclusion:Stable COPD is often associated with eosinophil influx in the lower airways and elevated concentrations of eicosanoids that is reflected by some disease characteristics.

Metabolome Features of COPD: A Scoping Review

“…In a study of eicosanoids from the induced sputum of 76 COPD and 37 current-, former-, and passive-smoker controls, concentrations of LTE4, LTD4, PGD2, PGE2, 8-iso-PGE2, 8-iso-PGF2a, 5-oxo-ETE, 12-oxo-ETE, and 11-dehydro-TBX2 were significantly higher in COPD subjects compared to healthy controls, whereas concentrations of tetranor-PGE-M and tetranor-PGD-M were lower [ 30 ]. There were no differences in eicosanoids or eosinophilia between COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with bronchodilators only [ 30 ].…”

“…In a study of eicosanoids from the induced sputum of 76 COPD and 37 current-, former-, and passive-smoker controls, concentrations of LTE4, LTD4, PGD2, PGE2, 8-iso-PGE2, 8-iso-PGF2a, 5-oxo-ETE, 12-oxo-ETE, and 11-dehydro-TBX2 were significantly higher in COPD subjects compared to healthy controls, whereas concentrations of tetranor-PGE-M and tetranor-PGD-M were lower [ 30 ]. There were no differences in eicosanoids or eosinophilia between COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with bronchodilators only [ 30 ]. In a serum study of healthy smokers ( n = 37), COPD smokers ( n = 41), and non-smokers ( n = 37), Chen et al identified 17 metabolites that were differentially expressed in COPD smokers compared to both healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers, but that were not significantly different between healthy smokers and non-smokers [ 31 ].…”

Acetylcholine, Fatty Acids, and Lipid Mediators Are Linked to COVID-19 Severity

“…Similarly, these metabolites are found in high concentrations in sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated eosinophilic airway inflammation (54). During SARS-CoV-2 infection, cell death generates cell debris and causes a stress response in the endoplasmic reticulum that enhances COX activation (55), but it reduces the activity of 15-hydroxy-PG-dehydrogenase-(NAD 1 ), an enzyme that degrades PGE 2, with a consequent increase in PGE 2 level (8).…”

Exploring the Potential Role of Metabolomics in COPD: A Concise Review

“…The increase of acetate, that is the final product of lipid metabolism, in associated with accelerated lipid catabolism, which is present in COPD patient for their poor nutritional status. The production of ketone bodies, acetoacetate and acetone, may indicate the utilization of storage lipids as an alternative energy resource [ 38 ].…”