Eigenmode analysis of phased-coupled VCSEL arrays using spatial coherence measurements

Lamothe, Élodie; Lundeberg, L.D.A.; Kapon, E.

doi:10.1364/ol.36.002916

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…For this demonstrated array structure, there is evidence of coherence as a superstructure in the FFPs with pitch sizes of ≈12 μm or below. [ 21,22 ] In addition, although the mesa shape is not symmetrically circular, a nearly circular (diamond‐shaped) wet oxidation aperture can still be obtained, as shown in the inset to Figure 1c. The VCSEL epilayer structure is grown on a n + GaAs substrate, which is composed of four In 0.07 Ga 0.9 As/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As (40/45 Å) MQWs sandwiched between 39‐paired n‐type and 24‐paired p‐type Al 0.93 Ga 0.07 As/Al 0.15 Ga 0.85 As DBR layers with an Al 0.98 Ga 0.02 As layer (25 nm thick) above the MQWs for oxidation.…”

Section: Device Structure and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Laser Array with a Novel Electrode Design for High‐Speed, Low‐Noise, and High‐Brightness Performance

Khan

Lin

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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Herein, it is shown how the novel layout and arrangement of electrodes of a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) array can simultaneously improve its high‐speed data transmission performance and the brightness of the output beam. In contrast to the layout of the traditional VCSEL array with its isolated mesas and a single electrode to electrical parallel arrangement of all active elements, the new inverse design can effectively reduce the pitch size between neighboring light emission apertures thereby allowing significant downscaling of the whole active area of the array and high brightness output. Moreover, there are two separate electrodes in demonstrated compact 7 × 7 VCSEL array, one for pure dc current injection and the other for large ac signal modulation. Compared with the single electrode reference device, the demonstrated array shows heavier dampening of the electrical–optical (E–O) frequency response, a wider maximum 3‐dB E–O bandwidth (17 vs 13 GHz), and a Gaussian‐like optical far‐field pattern with a higher brightness output (65.95 vs 40.8 kW cm−2 sr−1), under the same high output power (≈145 mW). The advantages of this novel VCSEL array lead to a much better quality of 32 Gbps eye‐opening with a higher brightness output.

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Section: Device Structure and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Laser Array with a Novel Electrode Design for High‐Speed, Low‐Noise, and High‐Brightness Performance

Khan

Lin

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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Supermode analysis of two-dimensional coupled coherent laser arrays based on block tridiagonal matrix

Zhang

Dai

Wang

et al. 2023

Optics Communications

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Separated electrodes for the enhancement of high-speed data transmission in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays

et al. 2022

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In this work, a novel design for the electrodes in a near quasi-single-mode (QSM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array with Zn-diffusion apertures inside is demonstrated to produce an effective improvement in the high-speed data transmission performance. By separating the electrodes in a compact 2×2 coupled VCSEL array into two parts, one for pure dc current injection and the other for large ac signal modulation, a significant enhancement in the high-speed data transmission performance can be observed. Compared with the single electrode reference, which parallels 4 VCSEL units in the array, the demonstrated array with its separated electrode design exhibits greater dampening of electrical-optical (E-O) frequency response and a larger 3-dB E-O bandwidth (19 vs. 15 GHz) under the same amount of total bias current (20 mA). Moreover, this significant improvement in dynamic performance does not come at the cost of any degradation in the static performance in terms of the maximum near QSM optical output power (17 mW @ 20 mA) and the Gaussian-like optical far-field pattern which has a narrow divergence angle (full-width half maximum (FWHM): 10° at 20 mA). The advantages of the separated electrode design lead to a much better quality of 32 Gbit/sec eye-opening as compared to that of the reference device (jitter: 1.5 vs. 2.8 ps) and error-free 32 Gbit/sec transmissions over a 500 m multi-mode fiber has been achieved under a moderate total bias current of 20 mA.

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Eigenmode analysis of phased-coupled VCSEL arrays using spatial coherence measurements

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Miniaturized Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Laser Array with a Novel Electrode Design for High‐Speed, Low‐Noise, and High‐Brightness Performance

Miniaturized Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Laser Array with a Novel Electrode Design for High‐Speed, Low‐Noise, and High‐Brightness Performance

Supermode analysis of two-dimensional coupled coherent laser arrays based on block tridiagonal matrix

Separated electrodes for the enhancement of high-speed data transmission in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays

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