Eigenvalues of covariance matrix of adaptive array with mutual coupling and two correlated sources present

Yang, Chun‐Chieh; Ruan, Y.Z.

doi:10.1109/aps.1993.385249

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This is due to the fact that closer array elements, and hence high coupling, yield a smaller maximum eigenvalue with approximately the same minimum eigenvalue. This indicates an improvement in the eigenvalue behavior for an array in the presence of coupling even when coherent sources are considered [163]. However, in most of the cases, the compensation of the mutual coupling effects is required to obtain optimal array performance.…”

Section: Advantages Of Mutual Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review

Singh

Sneha

Jha

2013

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

128

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The mutual coupling between antenna elements affects the antenna parameters like terminal impedances, reflection coefficients and hence the antenna array performance in terms of radiation characteristics, output signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR), and radar cross section (RCS). This coupling effect is also known to directly or indirectly influence the steady state and transient response, the resolution capability, interference rejection, and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation competence of the array. Researchers have proposed several techniques and designs for optimal performance of phased array in a given signal environment, counteracting the coupling effect. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the methods that model and mitigate the mutual coupling effect for different types of arrays. The parameters that get affected due to the presence of coupling thereby degrading the array performance are discussed. The techniques for optimization of the antenna characteristics in the presence of coupling are also included.

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Section: Advantages Of Mutual Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review

Singh

Sneha

Jha

2013

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

128

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“…In the above,

\gamma \in \left[0,\frac{\pi }{2}\right]

denotes the auxiliary polarization angle, η ∈ [ − π , π ] refers to the polarization phase difference, ψ refers to the angle made between the slanted dipole and the unit vector along the direction of propagation, and ◦ denotes element‐wise multiplication. Furthermore, C symbolizes the dipoles' 2 × 2 electromagnetic coupling matrix, which is related to the impedance matrix Z as follows [Gupta and Ksienski (1983), Yang and Ruan (1993), Svantesson (1998), (1999), Al‐Kabi et al. (2006), Huang et al.…”

Section: Application To Direction Findingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non‐Orthogonality, Length & Separation

et al. 2022

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A pair of crossed dipoles comprise two electric dipoles nominally orthogonal in orientation and nearly co-centered in space. Crossed dipoles have long facilitated beamforming, direction finding, and polarization estimation. Each dipole measures one distinct Cartesian component of the incident electric-field vector. A pair of crossed dipoles thus constitutes a diversely polarized array capable of distinguishing incident sources based on their polarizations, besides basing on their directions-of-arrival and frequency spectra. One pair of crossed dipoles can suffice to determine the incident electromagnetic wavefront's (bivariate) polarization and the azimuthal direction-of-arrival. For an extensive survey of the relevant literature, please refer to Yuan et al. (2012), Wong et al. (2017, Khan and Wong (2019).If these two constituent dipoles are exactly perpendicular to each other, they would experience no electromagnetic coupling between them. (The mutual coupling would be negligible across two perpendicular dipoles, if the dipoles are fed differentially at their central feed points, due to the symmetry in both the fields and the currents/ voltages of the feed structure. "Differential feeding" here refers to the signals fed to the dipoles' terminals in an opposite but equal way.) However, real-world implementations of the crossed dipoles may deviate from this idealized orthogonality, thereby resulting in mutual coupling between the two dipoles. Please refer to Figure 1, which defines the skew angle φ (i.e., the angular deviation from perpendicularity) between two identical dipoles-One on the z-axis and the other on the y′-z′ plane.A dipole pair's impedance matrix Z is 2 × 2 in size, with entries complex in value. This impedance matrix is also symmetric, centro-symmetric, and persymmetric. Hence, there exist only two distinct complex-value scalars that need to be modeled, namely Z 1,1 = Z 2,2 and Z 1,2 = Z 2,1 . Each above complex-valued scalar may be represented by its magnitude and its complex phase. Therefore, four real-valued scalars need to be modeled. (These mutual-coupling coefficients, {Z i,j , ∀(i, j)}, are independent of the incident electromagnetic field's direction-of-arrival. However, the coupled voltages and the coupled currents depend on both the mutual-coupling coefficients and the incident electromagnetic field's direction-of-arrival, as illustrated in Section 6.) The "Phenomenological"/"Behavioral" Approach to Model Mutual ImpedanceFor such a pair of skewed or slanted dipoles of equal length: Previous analysis of the concerned antenna electromagnetics has led to knotty mathematical expressions for the mutual impedance: (a) As a six-page equation in Czyz (1957), (b) as an unsolved integral equation in Murray (1933), Baker and LaGrone (1962), Richmond (1970, Richmond and Geary (1975), Han and Myung (2012), Han et al. (2013), or (c) as nested summations in Richmond

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The effects of mutual coupling using a linear array of thin dipoles of finite length

Svantesson

Ninth IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (Cat. No.98TH8381)

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Eigenvalues of covariance matrix of adaptive array with mutual coupling and two correlated sources present

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review

Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review

How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non‐Orthogonality, Length & Separation

The effects of mutual coupling using a linear array of thin dipoles of finite length

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