Eight fatalities due to drinking methanol-tainted alcohol in Pakistan: A case report

Shafi, Humera; Imran, Muhammad; Usman, Hafiz Faisal; Sarwar, Muhammad; Tahir, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.06.004

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There have been numerous outbreaks in recent years, with the highest frequency in developing countries. Outbreaks with several hundred victims have been reported, some with over 60% fatalities . With the most recent outbreaks in Libya 2013 and Kenya 2014, Doctors without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) evaluated the global problem of methanol poisoning , as also emphasized in recent publications .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hypothesis of Circulus Hypoxicus and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients With Methanol Poisoning – An Observational Study of 35 Patients

Drangsholt

Vangstad

Zakharov

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Methanol mass poisoning is a global problem with high fatality rates and often severe sequelae in survivors. Patients typically present late to the hospital with severe metabolic acidosis followed by a rapid deterioration in their clinical status. The hypothesis 'Circulus hypoxicus' describes the metabolic acidosis following methanol poisoning as a self-enhancing hypoxic circle responsible for methanol toxicity. We wanted to test the validity of this hypothesis by an observational study based on 35 patients from the methanol outbreaks in Norway (2004) and the Czech Republic (2012). Comprehensive laboratory values, including S(serum)-methanol, S-formate, S-lactate, arterial blood gases, anion and osmolal gaps, were used in the calculations. Laboratory values and calculated gaps were compared to each other using linear regression. S-lactate and S-formate correlated better with the increased base deficit and anion gap than did S-formate alone. Base deficit rose to about 20 mmol/L and S-formate rose to 12 mmol/L prior to a significant rise in S-lactate - most likely caused by formate inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (type B lactacidosis). The further rise in S-lactate was not linear to S-formate most likely due to the self-enhancing pathophysiology, but may also be associated with hypotension in critically ill patients and variable ethanol drinking habits. Our study suggests that the primary metabolic acidosis leads to a secondary lactic acidosis mainly due to the toxic effects of formate. The following decline in pH will further increase this toxicity. As such, a vicious and self-enhancing acidotic circle may explain the pathophysiology in methanol poisoning, namely the 'Circulus hypoxicus'.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hypothesis of Circulus Hypoxicus and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients With Methanol Poisoning – An Observational Study of 35 Patients

Drangsholt

Vangstad

Zakharov

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…False declaration associated with wine is a major issue of concern [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Adulteration of alcohol includes the non-disclosed use of ethylene glycol and methanol to fortify (raise the alcohol level) and/ or improve taste [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, despite improved detection methods [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], the adulteration of alcohol products remains a concern at local, national and international scales.…”

Section: Illicit Alcohol Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Alcohol: Public Health Risk of Methanol Poisoning and Policy Mitigation Strategies

Manning

Kowalska

2021

Foods

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Illicit (unrecorded) alcohol is a critical global public health issue because it is produced without regulatory and market oversight with increased risk of safety, quality and adulteration issues. Undertaking iterative research to draw together academic, contemporary and historic evidence, this paper reviews one specific toxicological issue, methanol, in order to identify the policy mitigation strategies of interest. A typology of illicit alcohol products, including legal products, illegal products and surrogate products, is created. A policy landscape matrix is produced that synthesizes the drivers of illicit alcohol production, distribution, sale and consumption, policy measures and activity related signals in order to inform policy development. The matrix illustrates the interaction between capabilities, motivations and opportunities and factors such as access, culture, community norms and behavior, economic drivers and knowledge and information and gives insight into mitigation strategies against illicit alcohol sale and consumption, which may prove of value for policymakers in various parts of the world.

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“…Masks and gloves should be used when using methanol because it can also be absorbed through breathing, skin, and drinking. Symptoms of methanol drinking include headache, dizziness, nausea, imbalance, anxiety, drowsiness, and eventually anesthesia and death [44].…”

Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side effects of using disinfectants to fight COVID-19

Yari

Moshammer

Asadi

et al. 2020

Asian Pac J Envi & Cancer

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Coronavirus refers to a group of widespread viruses. The name refers to the specific morphology of these viruses because their spikes look like a crown under an electron microscope. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered crown-shaped virus. Human-to-human transmission of the coronavirus is through coughing, sneezing, discharge from the nose and mouth. The virus can be transmitted from 1 to 2 meters through coughing or sneezing. Another way of transmission is by hand contact with the environment and virus-infected surfaces. Various substances are used to disinfect the body and surfaces. However, improper and unsafe use of these disinfectants can lead to other toxic effects in people that can be far more dangerous than the virus itself.

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Eight fatalities due to drinking methanol-tainted alcohol in Pakistan: A case report

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

The Hypothesis of Circulus Hypoxicus and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients With Methanol Poisoning – An Observational Study of 35 Patients

The Hypothesis of Circulus Hypoxicus and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients With Methanol Poisoning – An Observational Study of 35 Patients

Illicit Alcohol: Public Health Risk of Methanol Poisoning and Policy Mitigation Strategies

Side effects of using disinfectants to fight COVID-19

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