Ein verbessertes Strukturmodell für die Ostalpen, abgeleitet aus refraktions-seismischen Daten unter Berücksichtigung des Alpen-Längsprofils

Miller, Heinz; Gebrande, H.; Schmedes, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01989580

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In contrast, in the two V-Z functions shown by Miller et al (1977Miller et al ( , 1978Miller et al ( , 1982 for the region between shot-points B and E , velocities of at least 6.5 km s-' firstly occur at depths of about 23 km in the case of shot-point BE and 36 km in the case of shot-point DE. A second difference is that in the present model a low velocity layer occurs beneath the whole of the main line in the upper crust (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The most important difference between this and some previous models is the present correlation of phase 6 resulting in the top of the lower crust between shot-points B and E being defined by the 6.5-6.65kms-' layer and determined to be at depths of 18-20 km. In contrast, in the two V-Z functions shown by Miller et al (1977Miller et al ( , 1978Miller et al ( , 1982 for the region between shot-points B and E , velocities of at least 6.5 km s-' firstly occur at depths of about 23 km in the case of shot-point BE and 36 km in the case of shot-point DE. A second difference is that in the present model a low velocity layer occurs beneath the whole of the main line in the upper crust (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…8) and previous models is the crustal thickening beneath the central region of the Alps (Alpine Explosion Seismology Group 1976;Miller et al 1977Miller et al , 1978Miller et al , 1982Egloff 1979). However, in the present two-dimensional model the shape of the crust-mantle boundary, especially in the transition between the thin and thick crusts, has been determined in more detail than previously.…”

Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Beyond about 130km distance, phase c can be recognized on many seismograms. However, between distances of about 160 and 220 km the phase is somewhat obscured on quite a number of seismograms due to earlier arriving energy probably being returned locally from the lower crust (see also Miller et al 1977). Also on this record section, a few phase d first arrivals which can be accommodated by an apparent velocity of 8.0-8.2 km s-' may be recognized at around 270 km distance.…”

Section: The Crustal Structure Between Shot-points B and Ementioning

confidence: 89%

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A fine structural section through the crust and lower lithosphere along the axial region of the Alps

Yan¹,

Mechie²

1989

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY A unified two‐dimensional lithospheric model has been derived for the P‐wave velocity structure beneath the Alpine Longitudinal Profile (ALP'75) main line by making new phase correlations and using ray‐tracing and ray‐theoretical seismogram calculations in laterally inhomogeneous media. Due essentially to an increase in thickness of the lower crust, the total crustal thickness increases from 30–40 km in the peripheral regions to about 50 km in the central region of the Alps. The thickness change is more abrupt at the eastern end than at the western end of the line. The boundary between the upper and lower crust occurs at 18–20 km depth except in the peripheral region at the eastern end of the line where it occurs at 14–16 km depth. Along the whole line the seismic basement has velocities averaged over some tens of kilometres of 5.85‐6.15 km s‐1 with individual values having uncertainties of ±0.05‐0.1 km s‐1 at least east of shot‐point B. The lower part of the upper crust has been modelled as a low velocity layer, which is most pronounced beneath the peripheral regions, and which is generally underlain by a transition zone at the base of which the top of the lower crust occurs. The top of the lower crust has been modelled with velocities ranging from 6.25‐6.5 km s‐1 beneath the peripheral regions to 6.5‐6.65 km s‐1 beneath the central Alps. Velocity uncertainties at the top of the lower crust are estimated to be around ±0.2 km s‐1. Beneath the central Alps a low velocity layer has also been modelled in the lower crust. The top 6 km of the mantle has been modelled with velocities of 8.0–8.2 km s‐1 with individual estimates having uncertainties of ±0.15 km s‐1. Below this, the upper mantle down to almost 100 km depth has been modelled as a series of high velocity layers embedded in material with lower velocities of 8.0–8.2 km s‐1. The combined effects of tectonic overthrusting and uplift and erosion have probably led to the lower crust being apparently thicker than the upper crust in the central Alps at the present day.

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Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussion a N D Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Crustal Structure Between Shot-points B and Ementioning

confidence: 89%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A fine structural section through the crust and lower lithosphere along the axial region of the Alps

Yan¹,

Mechie²

1989

Geophysical Journal International

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“…The velocity model required for depth migration was obtained by analysis of the stacking velocities in the layered structure of the Molasse areas and by tomographic inversion of the first arrivals of Vibroseis and explosive data recorded in the wide-aperture stationary network (offsets up to 80 km resulted in depth penetration to about 15 km) in the Alpine areas. For the deeper parts a macro velocity model from older, but still compatible deep seismic refraction measurements [Miller et al, 1977] was used. The explosive seismic data were processed in a similar way in principle, except static corrections (only elevation statics) and NMO-analysis.…”

Section: Correction Published 9 August 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

First deep seismic reflection images of the Eastern Alps reveal giant crustal wedges and transcrustal ramps

Gebrande¹,

Lüschen²,

Bopp³

et al. 2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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109

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[1] The Alps are considered as a classical example for an orogen created by continental plate collision. In this study we present new images obtained from deep seismic reflection profiling in the Eastern Alps between Munich and Venice which give rise to examine and revise existing concepts. The seismic sections exhibit a prominent bi-verging reflection pattern at crustal scale. A major ramp-like structure, outcropping at the Inn-Valley fault, can be traced southward over 80 km into the mountain root where relics of the subducted Penninic ocean are expected. New models of the evolution of the Eastern Alps show an upper/lower crustal decoupling along transcrustal thrust faults with opposite thrust directions of both the European and the Adriatic-African continents.

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Rollback Orogeny Model for the Evolution of the Swiss Alps

2018

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The construction of the European Alps and the Himalayas has been related to the convergence and subsequent collision of two continental plates. Nearly all models of orogeny build on this concept, and all of them relate the stacking of nappes and the buildup of topography to compressional forces at work in response to the collision between two continental plates. For the central European Alps, however, these models fail to explain the first‐order observations of a mountain belt, which particularly includes the striking isostatic imbalance between the low surface topography and the thick crust beneath the Alps. Here we review and synthesize data on the geologic architecture of the central Alps, the chronology and pattern of crustal deformation, and information about the deep crustal structure derived from seismic tomography. Furthermore, we discuss the intrinsic and explicit assumptions in the kinematic models of Alpine evolution in the context of plate tectonic considerations. We combine these views with progress in understanding that has been gained through subduction and collision, isostatic mass and force balancing and with information that has been collected on the modern seismic regime. We conclude that a rollback orogeny model for the European plate offers the most suitable concept to explain the ensemble of surface and deep lithosphere observations. In this model gravity forces drive the evolution of the orogen and the construction of surface topography is accomplished without the requirement of a hard collision between two continents.

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Ein verbessertes Strukturmodell für die Ostalpen, abgeleitet aus refraktions-seismischen Daten unter Berücksichtigung des Alpen-Längsprofils

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

A fine structural section through the crust and lower lithosphere along the axial region of the Alps

A fine structural section through the crust and lower lithosphere along the axial region of the Alps

First deep seismic reflection images of the Eastern Alps reveal giant crustal wedges and transcrustal ramps

Rollback Orogeny Model for the Evolution of the Swiss Alps

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