Einfluß exogener Faktoren auf die präzäkale Nährstoff- und Aminosäurenresorption, ermittelt an Schweinen mit Ileo-Rektal-Anastomosen

Abstract

In digestion trials using pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses and parallel intact pigs the influence of wheat straw meal (WSM) or grass meal (GM) supplemented on two different levels to a basal diet was examined with regard to nutrient and amino acid digestibility resp. absorption. Both roughages reduced, obviously because of their high cell wall contents, nearly at equal amounts and partly significantly the precaecal as well as the total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, carbohydrates (= crude fibre + NFE), crude fibre and hemicelluloses (arabinose, xylose). By the roughage supplementations the crude protein digestibility at the terminal ileum was less reduced than at the end of the total digestive tract, the starch digestibility was hardly influenced and that of ether extract mostly increased. In comparison with precaecal glucose and fructose digestibilities it could be shown that the anthrone method is not suitable for determinations of the precaecal digestibility of water soluble carbohydrates. Beside these compounds other substances in the ileum digesta must evidently be dyed by anthrone too. The crude protein digestibility and the amino acid absorption were precaecally hardly or not reduced by WSM supplementations, therefore it can be concluded that it is possible to dilute the energy concentration in diets (e.g. for sows) by addition of WSM without impairing protein digestion and amino acid absorption. The GM supplementations, however, impaired protein digestibility and amino acid absorption of the whole diet, probably caused by the encrusted, possibly heat damaged protein present in the GM itself. When the roughage supplemented diets were fed, the excretion of nitrogen compounds in the faeces was enlarged due to the more intensive bacterial activity in the hind gut and the additional sorption effects to cell wall substances, so that a too low apparent and also true digestibility is made believe. The applicability of the difference method to the calculation of protein and amino acid digestibilities in roughages is very questionable because of their low contents and the missing additivity. The crude fibre and hemicellulose digestibility values calculated by the difference method demonstrate for the both roughages--in spite of high standard deviations--that the precaecal digestibility of crude fibre is about zero and that of the hard lignified hemicellulose fraction in contrast to the predominantly endospermic hemicelluloses of the basal diet is very low. The faecal crude fibre and hemicellulose digestibilities of WSM--especially on the lower supplementation levels--are markedly worse than those of GM.

Effects of adding isolated Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and their mixtures on the quality indices of pickled Chinese cabbage

“…Nitrate content was measured by naphthalene diamine hydrochloride spectrophotometry as described in previous reports (Pu et al, 2001). The Anthrone colorimetry was also used to analyze cellulose content in Chinese sauerkraut (Herrmann et al, 1988).…”

A comparative evaluation of ileo‐rectal anastomosis techniques for the measurement of apparent precaecal digestibilities of folate, niacin and pantothenic acid

“…In principle, methods using stable isotopes will give the most reliable information concerning intestinal absorption, but their application is still limited, mainly because stable isotopes are not commercially available and specialized facilities and expertise are required. Ileo-rectal anastomosis has been proposed as an alternative method for calculating the intestinal availability of nutrients (HERRMANN et al 1988;GREEN and KIENER 1989;LAPLACE et al 1989;HENNIG et al 1990;ROTH-MAIER et al 1998). The most important advantage of ileo-rectal anastomosis for measuring vitamin digestibility is the prevention of vitamin synthesis by the intestinal microflora and coprophagy, because the digesta can be collected quantitatively via the anus.…”

Ermittlung der eiweissqualität von nahrungs‐ und futtermitteln*

“…8 (beim höchsten Rohfasergehalt) in sehr auffälliger Weise.Die Auswertung eines Experimentes nachHerrmann et al (1988) zur scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit von Aminosäuren am Ileumende ergibt für Lysin und Histidin das in Tab. 10 gezeigte Bild.Tabelle 10 Scheinbare präzäkale Verdaulichkeit (%) von Lysin und Histidin bei Schweinen nach Fütterung einer Basisdiät (88 % Weizen, 6 % Sojaexetraktionsschrot, 4 % Fischmehl) und faserreichen Zulagen(Herrmann et al, 1988) Aus Tab. 10 geht hervor, daß die Strohmehlzulagen die mikrobielle Lysinsynthese kaum steigern konnten, da unbehandeltes Weizenstrohmehl keine geeignete Energiequelle für die Darmmikroben darstellt.…”