Einstein’s steady-state theory: an abandoned model of the cosmos

O'Raifeartaigh, Cormac; McCann, Brendan; Nahm, W.; Mitton, Simon

doi:10.1140/epjh/e2014-50011-x

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is easy to check that applying the condition ∇ μ T (c) μν = 0 in Eq. (14) gives the following simple constraint equation for the cold dark matter 3 :…”

Section: Field Equations Of F (R T ) Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

Shabani¹,

Ziaie²

2017

Eur. Phys. J. C

135

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The Einstein static (ES) universe has played a major role in various emergent scenarios recently proposed in order to cure the problem of the initial singularity of the standard model of cosmology. In the model we address, we study the existence and stability of an ES universe in the context of f (R, T ) modified theories of gravity. Considering specific forms of the f (R, T ) function, we seek for the existence of solutions representing ES state. Using dynamical system techniques along with numerical analysis, we find two classes of solutions: the first one is always unstable of the saddle type, while the second is always stable so that its dynamical behavior corresponds to a center equilibrium point. The importance of the second class of solutions is due to the significant role they play in constructing non-singular emergent models in which the universe could have experienced past-eternally a series of infinite oscillations about such an initial static state after which it enters, through a suitable physical mechanism, to an inflationary era. Considering specific forms for the functionality of f (R, T ), we show that this theory is capable of providing cosmological solutions which admit emergent universe (EU) scenarios. We also investigate homogeneous scalar perturbations for the mentioned models. The stability regions of the solutions are parametrized by a linear equation of state (EoS) parameter and other free parameters that will be introduced for the models. Our results suggest that modifications in f (R, T ) gravity would lead to stable solutions which are unstable in f (R) gravity model.

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“…It is easy to check that applying the condition ∇ μ T (c) μν = 0 in Eq. (14) gives the following simple constraint equation for the cold dark matter 3 :…”

Section: Field Equations Of F (R T ) Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a historical review we advise the reader to see[3] 2. Subsequent investigations have shown that the ES universe maximizes the entropy for an equation of state with the mentioned value for the sound speed[5][6][7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

Shabani¹,

Ziaie²

2017

Eur. Phys. J. C

135

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“…The relationship between the number of particles in the universe and Weyls ratio [62] [71] showed that the number of particles in the universe should be increasing proportionally to the square of the age of the universe and therefore matter must be continually created. Steady state cosmology, previously suggested by Hoyle [12] and Einstein [72], offered such a concept, but with a constant G, as oppose to Dirac and his variable G. In previous work [73] this was resolved by suggesting that it is the mass-energy density that is changing and not G. In this paper we show that the mass-energy density decreases with the increasing size of the universe, so although the number of particles in the universe is increasing, with continuous matter creation the energy/information is conserved i.e. particles passing out of the observable universe are compensated by the creation of new particles where it is only through the creation of matter that an expanding universe can be consistent with the conservation of mass within the observable universe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Resolving the Vacuum Catastrophe: A Generalized Holographic Approach

Haramein¹,

Baker²

2019

JHEPGC

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We address the ~122 orders of magnitude discrepancy between the vacuum energy density at the cosmological scale and the vacuum density predicted by quantum field theory. This disagreement is known as the cosmological constant problem or the "vacuum catastrophe". Utilizing a generalized holographic model, we consider the total mass-energy density in the geometry of a spherical shell universe (as a first order approximation) and find an exact solution for the currently observed critical density of the universe. We discuss the validity of such an approach and consider its implications to cosmogenesis and universal evolution.

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“…However, let me get back to the point mentioned above, and finally talk about Einstein's handwritten note, from early 1931 and discovered not long ago [30]. In it, he considered a model that apparently was his last and desperate attempt to save the theory of the static universe, under the form of a steady state model.…”

Section: Einstein's Discarded Manuscript Found In An Archive In Jerumentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Issues on the Foundations of Modern Cosmology, Gravitation and Quantum Physics

Elizalde

2020

Universe

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After the first clear evidence of the recession—at very high speeds—of the spiral nebulae was announced by V.M. Slipher in 1914, as a result of his work started in 1912, it still took several decades to properly understand the phenomenon in terms of an expansion of the Universe. Some historical issues around that crucial discovery and the contemporary attempts at determining the scale of the visible Universe will be discussed. Presently, very important questions to answer are: What is the precise value of the expansion rate? What drives the acceleration of the Universe’s expansion? The latter is called dark energy, but what is it actually? The possibility that this could be the result of a sort of Casimir effect at the cosmological level has not been discarded, yet. One of the main technical problems in tackling this issue is constituted by the regularization and corresponding renormalization procedures. Beautiful but rather non-trivial mathematics, involving the zeta function of pseudodifferential operators (associated with physical quantities), are key in this respect. A discussion of those items is provided here.

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Einstein’s steady-state theory: an abandoned model of the cosmos

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

Stability of the Einstein static universe in f(R, T) gravity

Resolving the Vacuum Catastrophe: A Generalized Holographic Approach

Some Issues on the Foundations of Modern Cosmology, Gravitation and Quantum Physics

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