Eisen‐Elektroden für Metall/Luft‐Zellen

Cnobloch, H.; Gröppel, Dieter; Nippe, Waldemar; Sturm, Ferdinand von

doi:10.1002/cite.330450415

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Depending on the material, the cyclic voltammogram (CV) of ferrous electrodes shows several peaks, which refer to distinct redox-reactions on the electrode surface, but may be difficult to assign without additional chemical analyzes [217]. In fact, the electrochemical properties, e.g., reaction kinetics, overpotentials and corrosion behavior, of iron depend on various parameters, which might be inconspicuous at a first glance like the purity of the electrode material [173,218], but may occasionally impede the comparability of different studies due to the appearance or suppression of individual reaction processes [203,215,219].…”

Section: Iron-air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

et al. 2019

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Metal-air batteries provide a most promising battery technology given their outstanding potential energy densities, which are desirable for both stationary and mobile applications in a “beyond lithium-ion” battery market. Silicon- and iron-air batteries underwent less research and development compared to lithium- and zinc-air batteries. Nevertheless, in the recent past, the two also-ran battery systems made considerable progress and attracted rising research interest due to the excellent resource-efficiency of silicon and iron. Silicon and iron are among the top five of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, which ensures almost infinite material supply of the anode materials, even for large scale applications. Furthermore, primary silicon-air batteries are set to provide one of the highest energy densities among all types of batteries, while iron-air batteries are frequently considered as a highly rechargeable system with decent performance characteristics. Considering fundamental aspects for the anode materials, i.e., the metal electrodes, in this review we will first outline the challenges, which explicitly apply to silicon- and iron-air batteries and prevented them from a broad implementation so far. Afterwards, we provide an extensive literature survey regarding state-of-the-art experimental approaches, which are set to resolve the aforementioned challenges and might enable the introduction of silicon- and iron-air batteries into the battery market in the future.

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Section: Iron-air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…11,[13][14][15][16] The development of iron-based alkaline batteries began several decades ago. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In the US, development of iron-air and nickel-iron batteries for electric vehicle applications was primarily undertaken by the Westinghouse Corporation and Eagle Picher Industries. 18,[22][23][24][25] In addition, there were several institutions worldwide that focused on the development of nickeliron and iron-air batteries from 1970-1990.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sulfide Additives in Achieving Long Cycle Life Rechargeable Iron Electrodes in Alkaline Batteries

Manohar

Yang

Narayanan

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Iron-based alkaline rechargeable batteries such as nickel-iron and iron-air batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications because of their relatively low cost, inherent robustness to cycling, and eco-friendliness. In the present study, we demonstrate iron electrodes containing iron (II) sulfide and bismuth oxide additives that do not exhibit any noticeable capacity loss even after 1200 cycles at 100% depth of discharge in each cycle. In iron electrodes prepared with bismuth sulfide additive, capacity loss occurred during cycling, accompanied by a decrease in discharge rate capability and rapid passivation. The recovery of capacity by adding sulfide ions to the electrolyte confirmed that the electrode that suffered capacity fade did not have an adequate supply of sulfide ions. We also found that the loss of cycleability was accompanied by the steady accumulation of magnetite and loss of iron sulfides at the iron electrode. The use of sparingly soluble iron (II) sulfide as an electrode additive ensured a sustained and steady supply of sulfide preventing the accumulation of magnetite during cycling. Thus, we have gained understanding of the critical role of sulfide additives in achieving long cycle life in rechargeable alkaline iron electrodes. Inexpensive and efficient methods of storing electrical energy are essential for the successful integration of solar and wind-based electricity generation into the grid. Among the various means to store electrical energy at a large scale, batteries are particularly promising because of their advantages of high energy efficiency, modularity and flexibility to siting.1-4 The state-of-art commercially-available lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and vanadium redox flow batteries may be rated by the levelized cost of energy delivered (LCOE). LCOE is calculated as the ratio of the cost (including capital and operating costs) to the total amount of energy delivered by the battery over its useful lifetime. The LCOE for commercially-available batteries is at least five to ten times higher than the DoE targets of $0.10 to $0.20/kWh. 5,6 Also, since energy storage will be required at the scale of thousands of gigawatt-hours, we are faced with the challenge of providing a sustainable solution, as the global material reserves are quite limited for these state-of-art batteries.7 Therefore, the development of inexpensive, efficient, robust and sustainable battery systems for grid-scale energy storage is a topic of intense research.3-6 Under an effort funded by ARPA-E, we have been focusing on developing such batteries. 7,[8][9][10][11][12] Iron-based battery systems such as nickel-iron and iron-air batteries are based on raw materials that are relatively inexpensive, globally-abundant, and eco-friendly. The promise of iron-based batteries for large-scale energy storage has spurred renewed interest in their development. 11,[13][14][15][16] The development of iron-based alkaline batteries began several decades ago. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In the U...

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“…Figure 2 shows CVs of the Fe electrode in NaOH solutions of different concentrations, at a scanning rate of 25 mV s 21 and 25uC starting always from a potential of 21?5 V SCE with features marked I to V, all of which have been previously reported. [17][18][19][20][21] It is clear that increasing alkali concentration causes a marked increase in the current density of all peaks, shifts the anodic peak potentials of peaks I to III to the negative (active) direction, while leaving the potentials of the reduction peaks IV and V more or less unchanged. Plotting the peak current i p , versus the alkali concentration on a double logarithmic scale for peaks I to III, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behaviour of iron in alkaline sulphide solutions

Haleem¹,

Aal²

2008

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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Cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic polarisation curves were traced for the iron electrode in alkaline solutions containing sulphide species. In sulphide free NaOH solution, the galvanostatic anodic polarisation curves are characterised by two well defined steps before tending finally to values characteristic for the oxygen evolution reaction. However, using cyclic voltammetry technique, three anodic peaks are distinct. On the other hand, the cathodic half cycles using both techniques are characterised by two cathodic reduction steps before hydrogen evolution commences. In the presence of increasing sulphide content the polarisation curves are characterised by the presence of several anodic and cathodic regions. The anodic regions correspond to the simultaneous formation and oxidation of different Fe sulphide and oxide species. A mechanism is thus proposed for the formation and reduction of iron sulphide species.

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Eisen‐Elektroden für Metall/Luft‐Zellen

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

The Role of Sulfide Additives in Achieving Long Cycle Life Rechargeable Iron Electrodes in Alkaline Batteries

Electrochemical behaviour of iron in alkaline sulphide solutions

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