El conjunto arqueológico de Saqsaywaman (Cusco): una aproximación a su arquitectura

Abstract

RESUMENSaqsaywaman es el conjunto arqueológico más extenso que se ha conservado de la antigua capital imperial del Cusco. A pesar de las grandes excavaciones realizadas en los últimos 70 años, carecemos aún de interpretaciones arquitectónicas y funcionales que reivindiquen su extraordinaria importancia en el contexto de la arquitectura inca. Presentamos en estas páginas el estudio arquitectónico del sector de Muyukmarca como resultado del seminario didáctico sobre «Arqueología de la Arquitectura» realizado en el Cusco entre los años 2010 y 2011. El examen de los restos y las noticias recogidas por los cronistas coloniales permiten afirmar que Saqsaywaman era la gran Casa del Sol de Hanan Qusqu, construida como contrapunto del Coricancha en el diseño unitario de la ciudad decidido por el gran Pachacuti.Palabras clave: Arquitectura inca, palacios, urbanismo precolonial en América. The Archaeological Complex of Saqsaywaman (Cusco): An Architectural ApproachABSTRACT Saqsaywaman is the most extensive archaeological complex of the ancient imperial capital of Cuzco. Despite the excavations carried out in the last 70 years, it lacks even an architectural and functional interpretation that claimed its extraordinary importance in the context of Inca architecture. This paper presents an architectural study of the sector of Muyukmarca as a result of the training seminar on «Archaeology of architecture» held in Cusco between the years 2010 and 2011. The examination of material remains and of information gathered by colonial chroniclers indicates that the most important spaces had religious functions, agreeing on the idea that Saqaywaman was the great Sun House of Hanan Qusqu, built as a counterpoint to Coricancha in the unitary design of the city decided by the great Pachacuti.

A bit closer to the past: the three-dimensionalization of an Inca ceremony in the north Calchaquí Valley (Salta, Argentina)

“…One of the most important things we seek to highlight is precisely the concrete benefits of performing 3D reconstructions such as the one presented here in the short and long term. Some benefits are strictly related to Creating 3D models to discuss the design of Inca settlements is not new, and it certainly proved to be quite helpful (e.g., Acuto & Gifford, 2007;Astete Victoria, Ziółkowski & Kościuk, 2017;Coben, 2012;Johanson & Frischer, 1998;Mar & Beltrán-Caballero, 2014;Saintenoy, González-García & Fernández, 2019).…”

Análisis de estabilidad de taludes de la zona ‘Los Baluartes’ en el Parque Arqueológico de Saqsayhuamán

“…Hoy en día, muchos investigadores descartan que Sacsayhuamán fuese construido para servir de fortaleza militar y proponen su interpretación como centro ceremonial y templo del sol. Es la idea que recoge Cieza de León, cuando afirma que los incas llamaban 'Casa del Sol' a lo que los españoles denominaron fortaleza (Mar & Beltrán, 2014). Garcilaso de la Vega, nombra a cuatro arquitectos: Apu Huallpa Rimachi, Inca Maricanchi, Acahuana Inca y Callacunchuy, quienes dirigieron sucesivamente la obra (M. Rivero y J. Tschudi, 1851).…”

Restoring and Preserving the Incan Cultural Wonder of Saqsaywaman

“…Two representations of what Saqsaywaman may have looked like when it was completed were modeled by Mar (2014). His three-dimensional representation of Saqsaywaman is shown in figure 9.…”

“…Upon looking at the tower sector close up (figure 10) the former buildings on top of Sawsaywaman, which only remain as stone remnants today, can be seen. (Mar, 2014) III. Problem Outline…”