“…For more than a decade, it has been noted that the number of students choosing to pursue STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) related studies in developed countries, mainly in the European Union and the United States of America, has been decreasing. This raises concerns about the future or already current decrease in the number of scientists and technical professionals trained in these fields (Everis, 2012;Falcone-Lanas, 2016;Hall, Dickerson, Batts, Kauffmann & Bosse, 2011;Lupión-Cobos, Franco-Mariscal & Girón-Gambero, 2019;Ramírez, 2018;Valero-Matas, Valero-Oteo & Coca, 2017;van den Hurk, Meelissen & van Langen, 2019). In Spain, the Confederación de Sociedades Científicas de España (COSCE) report (2011) indicates that pre-university students do not perceive science subjects positively, with insufficient motivation to study science and technology, together with an increasingly low motivation (Valero-Matas & Coca, 2021) and gender-biased (García & Hijón, 2022) to work as scientists or in fields related to science and technology.…”