El discurso populista de VOX en las Elecciones Generales de 2019: análisis comparativo de las agendas temáticas en televisión y Twitter

Abstract

Las redes sociales y en especial Twitter han configurado nuevas formas de consumir la información política en nuestro país. No obstante, la televisión es todavía una fuente de consumo vicaria en lo que a comunicación política se refiere. Ambos medios, redes y televisión, se consolidan en España como los canales preferidos por la ciudadanía para obtener información de carácter político. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal conocer cuáles han sido las causas mediáticas que han llevado al partido de ultraderecha populista, VOX, a establecerse como tercera fuerza política en el Congreso de los Diputados, situándose en número de escaños por delante de Unidas Podemos y justo por detrás del PP (Partido Popular). Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido con una muestra total de 51 noticias de los informativos nocturnos de TVE y Telecinco, y 264 tuits originales de la cuenta oficial de Twitter del partido, VOX_es. El periodo analizado comprende los días referidos a la campaña electoral del 28 de abril de 2019, y la del 10 de noviembre de ese mismo año. El análisis, entre otras cuestiones, ha permitido confirmar tendencias como la utilización de un discurso claramente populista por parte de VOX en la red social analizada, o la emisión de noticias en los informativos estudiados cuyos temas no se asemejan a los introducidos por VOX en las publicaciones de su cuenta oficial en Twitter.

Vox and journalistic information: use and criticism of the media in the 2019 General Election campaigns

“…Our study furthers the analysis of the use of Twitter during electoral campaigns carried out by other studies, on the basis that the use of social networks can have consequences that are not always positive for democratic systems (Campos-Domínguez, 2017). In addit ion, by choosing these social networks, this study aligns itself with other research that has focused on Vox and its leaders' communications strategy during the 2019 electoral campaigns through these applications (González-Gómez, 2021;Lava, 2021;Vázquez-Campos, 2020).…”

Crude, anonymous, partisan, sectoral and anti-elitist. Electoral disinformation in Spain (2019-2022)

“…In addition to the rebuttals linked to the campaign that started the cycle, the materials include those referring to the campaigns for the elections to -the Parliament of Galicia and the Basque Parliament held on 12 July 2020; -the Parliament of Catalonia on 14 February 2021; -the Assembly of Madrid on 4 May 2021; -the Parliament of Castilla y León on 13 February 2022; -the Parliament of Andalusia on 19 June 2022.The timeframe analysed in the six cases includes the official electoral campaign periods -eight days for the general election and fifteen days for the others-, the reflection and voting days, and the day after the elections. The composition of the timeframe coincides with that usually studied in research on digital political communication in electoral campaignsLava-Santos, 2021a).…”

Populism and racism on social networks: An analysis of the Vox discourse on Twitter during the Ceuta ‘migrant crisis’

“…The populist characteristics of the discourse we have analysed are particularly evident, so we note the results that aimed others research before (González 2021;Lava 2021;López-Rabadán and Doménech-Fabregat 2021;Oleaque 2020;Pérez-Curiel 2020;Rivas-de-Roca et al 2020;Vázquez-Barrio 2021). However, in this study, we have focused exclusively on the analysis of these characteristics in terms of issues relating to migration.…”

“…In the context of this study, some research has specifically investigated hate speech and racism against migrants on Twitter (Valdez-Apolo et al 2019;Arcila-Calderón et al 2020), although not focusing on the Vox discourse in this regard. On the other hand, we can also identify recent research that has studied the populist features of Vox's digital communication strategies, highlighting above all, the enormous prominence given to its president and the emotional, aggressive, direct and extremely confrontational bias of its messages (González 2021;Lava 2021;López-Rabadán and Doménech-Fabregat 2021;Oleaque 2020;Pérez-Curiel 2020;Rivas-de-Roca et al 2020;Vázquez-Barrio 2021). We focus on analysing how these features, and others typical of populist discourse, structure the party's racist, anti-immigration messages on Twitter.…”