El libro como arma de propaganda política: salazarismo, literatura y guerra civil de España (1936-1939)

Rodríguez, Alberto Pena

doi:10.14195/2183-8925_20_14

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“…Drawing on pioneering studies on the history of journalism in the Spanish Civil War (Armero, 1976, 1987; Piquero Cuadros, 2017), memoirs of foreign journalists based, in many cases, on their own reports published during the war (Burns 1993; Buckley, 2004; Cardozo, 1937; Cowles, 2014; Ehrenburg, 2014; Hughes, 1993; Knoblaugh, 2007; Last, 2010; Pruszynski, 2007; Tisa, 1985; Ziffren, 1937), historical studies of the period (Keene, 2007; Preston, 2009, 2012), autobiographies, biographies or articles including personal accounts of translators and interpreters (Arias 2013; García 2010, 2011; Moure-Marino, 1989; Pichler, 2019; Playà Maset, 2015; Redondo, 2020; Ripoll Sintes, 2015; Rogoyska, 2013; Todd, 2005), personal narratives of Francoist propagandists (Bahamonde, 2005; Bolín, 1967; Jerrold, 1938; Kemp, 1957; Knickerbocker, 1937; Lunn, 1937), historical studies on media and propaganda (Calvo Ibariez, 2018; Chomón Serna and Gallo Moreno, 2018; Díez, 2000; Moreno Cantona, 2008, 2016; Pena Rodriquez, 1999), and research on translation and conflict in the Spanish Civil War (Rodríguez-Espinosa, 2016, 2019), we discuss several up to now uncharted issues in the field of Journalistic Translation Studies within the context of the war in Spain, such as (a) the communication problems faced by foreign correspondents working for international newspapers, magazines and agencies such as The Daily Mail , The Times , The Daily Telegraph , The New York Times, O Século , Izvestia , Pravda, Wiadomosci Literackie , the International News Service (INS), and the Hearst papers, among others, during the conflict, and their symbiotic interaction with translators, interpreters, fixers, multilingual guides and Press Offic...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the Portuguese reporter Leopoldo Nunes portrays the killings and mutilations by the ‘reds’ he claims to have witnessed in many towns of Andalusia in his bestseller A Guerra de Espanha. Dois meses de reportagem nas frentes de Andaluzia e da Estremadura (1936), published by Librería Prieto in Granada, in Francoist zone, with a prologue by translator Fernando Sánchez Monis (Pena Rodriguez, 1999:354). He maintains that Spain is indebted to Nunes for illustrating her glories and sorrows and presenting the world with the truth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taking sides: Translators and journalists in the Spanish civil war

Rodríguez-Espinosa

2022

Journalism

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Soon after the uprising of General Franco in July 1936, the elite of international journalism turned its attention to the political undercurrents of the emerging Spanish Civil War, a historical period which would become a ‘golden age’ for foreign correspondents, and a conflict where women would for the first time play a leading role in global war reporting. Their battlefield accounts often reflect a biased understanding of the ideological confrontation of the two warring factions, referred to in Anglosaxon media as ‘Loyalists’ (Republicans) and ‘Nationalists’ (Francoists), whereas domestic reporters preferred the more categorical ‘rojos’ (reds) or ‘fascistas’ (fascists). For many foreign journalists, sending their chronicles back home meant paying a heavy toll, since correspondents were only allowed on the frontline when accredited and any journalist held prisoner could easily be mistaken for a spy. Drawing on a selection of historical, journalistic, media and translation studies research sources, as well as on a number of memoirs, personal accounts and biographies, in this article we discuss some up to now uncharted issues arising from the symbiotic connection between translation and journalism during the Spanish Civil War: (a) their lack of proficiency in Spanish and their unfamiliarity with the country made it necessary for many correspondents to rely on the assistance of interpreters, fixers, guides and press officers, recruited for their ideological commitment to the rebel military uprising or to the Republican Government; (b) the role of translation in the Press and Propaganda Offices set up by the incipient Nationalist government, the Spanish Republic and the Catalan and Basque autonomous governments; and (c) the complex relationship between foreign correspondents and translators working for the censorship departments set up by Francoist and Republican Press Offices in order to prevent journalists from revealing information which might undermine the morale of civilians or troops, and the international reception of the narratives they sought to disseminate abroad.

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