“…Focusing on these dimensions, the following scoring methods are used for CBM-W: 1) "production-dependent scoring", which measures the quantity of text written with indices such as words written (WW), words spelled correctly (WSP), correct word sequence (CWS), correct minus incorrect word sequences (CIWS) (Deno et al, 1982;Parker et al, 2009;Videen et al, 1982), correct letter sequences (CLS) (McMaster & Espin, 2007), number of long words Lembke et al, 2016;McMaster et al, 2011;McMaster & Espin, 2007), or number of complete sentences (Gansle et al, 2002(Gansle et al, , 2006. The reliability, validity, and sensitivity at the time of assessment vary depending on the age of the students and the type of task used (Arrimada et al, 2022;McMaster & Espin, 2007); 2) "production-independent scoring", prioritizing quality over quantity; other authors also regard these measures as precision measures (Arrimada et al, 2022); this score includes the percentage of words spelled correctly (%WSC) and the percentage of correct word sequences (%CWS) (Jewell & Malecki, 2005;Parker et al, 2009). Similar to production-dependent measures, this type of measurement exhibits varying reliability, validity, and sensitivity at the time of assessment depending on the school age at which it is evaluated, as well as the type of prompt used (Arrimada et al, 2022).…”