El retorno de los emigrantes al sur de Iberia

Abstract

El presente articulo analiza 10s problemas sociales generados por 10s emigrantes que vuelven a su lugar de origen en la Europa meridional.Se trata de dos casos compara d os: Algarve (en Portugal) y Andalucía (en España). Se destacan, además de 10s problemas de integración social, 10s de desarrollo, y desigualdades regionales. La conclusión es que es necesario un mejor conocimiento de las relaciones entre el desarrollo económico nacional y regional en ambos paises. El presente trabajo constituye un avance de un libro que aparecerá con este mismo titulo, editado por el Ministerio de Agricultura español, asi como simultáneamente en ediciones en 10s Estados Unidos y en Portugal (en sus respectivos idiomas).* Los autores agradecen la ayuda de la Fundación Ford para la realización del presente estudio.

Return migration in Andalusia, Spain

“…This does not mean that there had not been any before, but simply that it was more evident in those years due to the drop in the large numbers of emigrants (Pascual, 1983). From the 1980s onwards, return migration has been consistent with the demographic dynamics of Andalusia, both in terms of quantity (IEA, 1993) and quality (Cazorla et al, 1979;Cazorla, 1989). However, the immigration to Andalusia of nationals from European countries (retirees) and developing countries (Moroccans) in search of job opportunities (Feria, 1998;Cohen et al, 1998) is a major component in the growth of Andalusia's current population.…”

“…Yet in practice, the lack of administrative mechanisms to facilitate that return, together with personal and ®nancial reasons, hindered that return. The importance of return migration in Spain is analysed from a general perspective (Underhill, 1977;Ewenczyk et al, 1978;Cazorla et al, 1979;Garmendia, 1981;Leib and Mertins, 1981;Pascual, 1983;Berrocal, 1984;Cazorla, 1989;Dezaphi, 1990;Ferna Ândez de Mata, 1993;Recan Ä o, 1998); and at a regional level, both with regard to Andalusia and other autonomous regions (Roquer, 1983±1984;Azca Ârate, 1988;Arroyo and Machado, 1989;Pe Ârez-Diaz, 1988;IEA, 1993;Margolies de Gasparini, 1994;Alvarez, 1997;Rodrõ Âguez, 1998;Recan Ä o, 1998;Go  mez and Bel, 1999), or at a local level (Valero, 1991;Pascual and Cardelu  s, 1991±2).…”

Retail Modernisation and Morphological Change: Central Malaga, Spain

“…In such areas it is unlikely that retail modernisation is a priority for the retail trade ± the very conditions that have produced the second homes are conditions that would deter investment. Rather similarly, many of those areas characterised by large-scale temporary labour migration else-where in Europe, and consequently likely to have signi®cant numbers of returnees (Cazorla et al 1979;Lopez Cano 1985), possess settlements that are unlikely to be perceived as fruitful ground for returns on retail modernisation. Relative poverty and underemployment was the principal motive for such migration (Lara Sanchez 1977;Leib and Mertins 1980;King 1982).…”