El turismo y el alivio de la pobreza: un enfoque desde el prisma de los destinos emergentes en el marco de la Agenda 2030

Abstract

El turismo es señalado como un sector clave para la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Los beneficios que reporta esta actividad en los destinos tradicionales son incuestionables. No obstante, desde el prisma de los destinos emergentes, las garantías no están aseguradas. El propósito principal de este trabajo es analizar la potencialidad del turismo en los destinos emergentes y sus efectos en el desarrollo socioeconómico, de cara a la Agenda 2030. Se han formulado diversas hipótesis para ser contrastadas en 152 destinos emergentes, buscando un acercamiento a la realidad de estos países desde el turismo y su contribución al desarrollo socioeconómico de la población. Se incluyen 43 de los 48 Países Menos Adelantados (PMA), caracterizados por tener el turismo como una de sus principales fuentes de exportación. La metodología utilizada se basa en un análisis cuatridimensional, a partir de variables macroeconómicas que consideran: 1) las condiciones de pobreza y desigualdad del territorio; 2) el nivel de desarrollo turístico; 3) el compromiso de las administraciones públicas con el turismo y 4) el acceso directo por parte de la población hacia los beneficios que reporta el turismo en el territorio. El método de contraste seguido para validar las hipótesis iniciales ha sido a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados de este trabajo ponen en entredicho si el desarrollo turístico es la causa del desarrollo en un destino, o, por el contrario, el desencadenante de su subdesarrollo.

Tourism and the SDGs: An Analysis of Economic Growth, Decent Employment, and Gender Equality in the European Union (2009–2018)

“…Taking advantage of the impact on tourism activity of the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development in 2017, an attempt was made to analyze the tourism potential from four dimensions that highlight sustainability, such as (a) territorial inequalities and conditions of poverty; (b) the level of tourism development; (c) the commitment of public institutions to tourist activity; and (d) the access of the population to the benefits generated by tourism. The results obtained from this analysis called into question whether tourist activity is the cause of the development of a destination or, on the contrary, if it contributes to underdevelopment [57]. However, the above has not been an obstacle to questioning the ideas of sustained and inclusive growth within SDG 8-that is, in the objective of decent work and growth adopted by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in the 2030 Sustainable Tourism Agenda [58].…”

“…In 2015, the United Nations (UN) approved the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development, creating a new path aimed at improving the lives of countries and societies. This agenda contains a set of global objectives, including, among others, eradicating poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring the prosperity of humanity [1][2][3][4]. Each of these objectives has specific goals that are intended to be achieved over the next 10 years.…”

La transformación de un territorio cultural. El desarrollo de los pueblos mágicos en México: Pátzcuaro como caso de estudio

“…The 21 st century has brought a global change in the management of development activities, promoting the goals of the millennium following the 2030 agenda and, in turn, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (Trejo, 2017). Puig & Foronda (2017 mention that the sustainability-tourism binomial must be present in the tourism policy management and in the programs that emerge from this (WTO, 2016;Ruiz Lanuza & Alvarado Sizzo, 2018), in order to promote development guarantees for these emerging communities (Puig-Cabrera & Foronda-Robles 2018, 2017, WTO, 2016. SDGs, in their connection with tourism, suggest through the management, fostering the growth and development of communities, bringing local producers and unions together (N°1), integrating them in the value chain of the local products sector (N°2), in order to reduce the inequality gap (N°10) (WTO, 2001(WTO, , 2016.…”

Tourism, smallness and insularity: A suitable combination for quality of life in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)?

“…The literature states that tourism leakage is a common problem in developing destinations (Hampton et al, 2018), as a large part of the income derived from tourism is redirected to other economies, instead of remaining in the destination (Suryawardani et al, 2014). There are examples of developing destinations where around 78.5% of whose tourism earnings leaks to other economies (Puig-Cabrera & Foronda-Robles, 2018). This is also a problem for SIDS.…”